2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 21 Human Biology Section Ⅶ Gr

SectionⅦGrammar单元语法项目(一)——条件句和混合条件句语法图解探究发现A．①IfcurrentOlympicchampionMarionJonestooksuchdrugs,shewouldprobablyhavebrokenthatworldrecordmorethanonce.②IfPeterwasamoreskillfulplayer,hewouldhavescoredmorepoints.B．③BenJohnsonwouldstillbethe100metresworldrecordholder,ifhehadnotbeencaught.④Ifhehadbrokenthatrecord,hewouldbeaworld­famousrunnernow.[我的发现](1)A组句子中，从句表示与现在事实相反的假设，而主句表示与过去事实相反的结果。由此可知混合条件句可以用来谈论“非真实的、常常是想象中的现在状态，可能对过去有影响”，其构成形式是：“if＋主语＋____________，主语＋______________”。(2)B组句子中，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，而主句表示与现在事实相反的结果。由此可知混合条件句可以用来谈论“想象中的过去事件可能对现在有影响”，其构成形式是：“if＋主语＋________，主语＋________”。wouldhavedone动词的过去式haddonewoulddo在英语中，我们一般把条件句分为两种，即真实条件句和非真实条件句。非真实条件句亦可称为虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。一、if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气主从句构成时态if虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反if＋主语＋动词过去式主语＋would/should/could/might＋动词原形与过去事实相反if＋主语＋had＋过去分词主语＋would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词与将来事实相反if＋主语＋主语＋would/should/could/might＋动词原形IfIwereabird,Icouldfly.如果我是一只鸟的话，我就能飞了。Ifwehadstartedearlier,wewouldnothavemissedthetrain.如果我们早点出发，就不会错过这列火车了。Ifheshouldn'tcometomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.要是他明天来不了，我们将把会议推迟到下周一。即时演练1用所给动词的适当形式填空①(2017·北京高考改编)Ifthenewsafetysystem____________(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.②(湖南高考改编)Sorry,Iamtoobusynow,ifI___(have)time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.③IfI____(be)you,I________(go)toseethefilmLostonJourney.④Ifyou___________(work)hardlastyear,you________________(pass)thetest.⑤Ifshe____________________________(come)tomorrow,I_________(ask)herforhelp.hadbeenputhadwerewouldgoshouldcome/came/weretocomewouldhavepassedwouldask二、混合虚拟条件句在虚拟语气中，虚拟条件句与主句所指的时间不一致(如一个是过去的，一个是现在的)，这时主、从句谓语动词的形式需要根据具体的时间来调整，从而构成混合虚拟条件句，即错综时间条件句。该句式中不仅仅存在时间的不同，更重要的是事实和假设的混合，其基本用法如下：1．想象的过去事件可能对现在或将来有影响句子时间意义谓语形式从句与过去事实相反haddone主句与现在/将来事实相反would/should/could/might＋动词原形Ifyouhadtakenhisadvicethen,youwouldbebetternow.如果你当时听取了他的建议，你现在会好些。Ifyouhadn'twatchedTVlatelastnight,youwouldn'tbesosleepynow.如果你昨晚看电视不看到那么晚，你现在就不会这么困倦。IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。2．想象的过去事件可能对现在正在进行的动作有影响句子时间意义谓语形式从句与过去事实相反haddone主句与现在正在进行的事实相反would/should/could/might＋bedoingIfIhadstudiedhard,Iwouldbestudyingincollegenow.如果我努力学习的话，我现在就在大学里学习了。Ifhehadn'tleftforShanghai,hewouldbehelpingmenow.如果他不去上海的话，他现在就帮助我了。Ifyouhadnotgivenmealift,Iwouldbewalkingintherainnow.如果你不让我搭车，我现在还冒雨走着。3．想象中的现在状态可能对过去有影响句子时间意义谓语形式从句与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be→were)主句与过去事实相反would/should/could/might＋havedoneIfIwereyou,IwouldhavegonetowatchtheExpothen.如果我是你，当时我就去看世博会了。Ifshedidn'tspeakafewlanguages,shewouldn'thavegotthatjob.如果她不会说几种语言，她就不能得到那份工作了。即时演练2用所给动词的适当形式填空①(2016·江苏高考改编)Ifit_______________________(notbe)forhisinvitationtheotherday,Ishouldnotbeherenow.②(2014·北京高考改编)We________(be)backinthehotelnowifyoudidn'tlosethemap.③IfIwerenottomakeapreparationformyexperimentthismorning,I_______________(go)toseethefilmwithyoulastnight.④Ifhe___________(listen)tome,hewouldnotbeinsuchtroublenow.⑤Ifyouhadnotstudiedtheproblemcarefully,you__________(find)itdifficultnow.hadnotbeen/hadn'tbeenwouldbewouldhavegonehadlistenedwouldfind三、虚拟条件句的特殊用法1．省掉if的条件从句结构：若条件句把if省略，则需要把were,had,should放在主语前，形成部分倒装结构。Hadyoutakenmyadvice,youwouldn'thavefailedintheexamination.(＝Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn'thavefailedintheexamination.)如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。2．含蓄虚拟条件句：有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词、定语从句、短语或上下文暗示(常见without,butfor,otherwise,or等表达)，此时句子的时态要依具体情况而定。Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.(＝IfIhadn'tbeenbusythatday,Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.)我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。Withoutelectricity(＝Iftherewerenoelectricity),lifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.如果没有电，今天的生活就会完全不同。Butforyourhelp(＝Ifithadnotbeenyourhelp),itwouldhavecausedaseriousloss.要不是你的帮助，那将会导致巨大的损失。Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.(＝Ifhewereatruefriend,hewouldnotdosuchathing.)一个真正的朋友是不会做这样的事的。3．含虚拟语气的句子：but＋真实情况MarywouldtellussomethingaboutLondon,butsheisn'tfromLondon.玛丽很想告诉我们一些关于伦敦的事情，但她不是来自伦敦的。(前面表示对现在的虚拟，but后的从句表示一个客观情况)即时演练3用所给动词的适当形式填空①(2019·江苏高考改编)Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe______________(have)agoodtimetogether.②(2017·天津高考改编)—DoyouhaveBetty'sphonenumber?—Yes.Otherwise,I_________________(not,be)abletoreachheryesterday.③(2015·重庆高考改编)Withouthiswartimeexperiences,Hemingway___________________(not，write)hisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.wouldhavehadwouldn'thavebeenwouldn'thavewritten④(福建高考改编)____(be)therenomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.⑤(福建高考改编)—Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.—I__________________(attend)it,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.WerewouldhaveattendedⅠ.用所给动词的适当形式填空1．(2017·江苏高考改编)_____(be)itnotforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.2．Ifit__________(rain)lastnight,thegroundwouldbewetnow.3．Ifshehadgotfinancialaid,she______________(graduate)fromacollegethisfall.4．Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewe_______________(visit)moreplacesofinterest.5．Ifyou(be)me,wouldyoutalktothem?Werehadrainedwouldgraduatewouldhavevisitedwere6．Ifheweretoleave,you__________(hear)aboutit.7．Ifwehadn'tgoteverythingready,we________(be)havingaterribletimetomorrow.