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SectionⅤLesson4[原文呈现]“Whoquestionsmuch,shalllearnmuch,andremembermuch.”—FrancisBacon(1561-1626)Itseemsobviousnowhowweacquire①knowledgeandunderstanding②.Tostartwith③,youneedquestions.Then,tofindanswers,youobserve④theworldaroundyouandstudythefacts.Afterthatyouconsiderpossibleanswersandtesteachtofindtherightones.⑤Althoughtodaywearemoreaccustomedto⑥typingafewkeywordsintoasearchengineandwaitingfortheInternettospittheanswerout⑦forus,modernscientistsandthinkersarestillsolvingtheworld'sproblemswiththistypeofanalysis—⑧luckilyforus.[读文清障]①acquire[ə'kwaIə]vt.获得,得到②it作形式主语,how引导的从句为真正的主语。③tostartwith=tobeginwith首先④observev.观察;遵守⑤although引导让步状语从句,可与still,yet连用,不与but连用。⑥be/getaccustomedto习惯于(to为介词)be/getusedto习惯于⑦spitout吐出⑧破折号表示解释说明。“勤于提问的人学到的更多,并且记住的更多。”——弗兰西斯·培根(1561-1626)[第1段译文]我们如何获取知识及如何理解现在似乎显而易见。首先,你需要提出问题。然后,为了找到答案,你观察自己周围的世界,并研究事实。之后,你考虑可能的答案,并且一一加以测试来找出正确的答案。尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎里敲进几个关键词,等待互联网为我们吐出答案;然而对我们来说幸运的是,当代的科学家和思想家还是用这种分析的方法来解决世界上的问题。However,inthe17thcenturywhenFrancisBaconsuggestedthatthistypeofthinking⑨wasthewaytogainknowledge,hewasgoingagainst⑩theviewsoftheday⑪.Baconheldanimportantrank⑫underKingJames(1566-1625)ofEnglandbuthistrueinterestwasnotthedaytodaybureaucratic⑬detailsofthegovernment,buttheworthy⑭searchforknowledge.Thiswascertainlynottheinterestofmostpeopleinhisday.Atthattime,peoplebelievedmoreinreligion⑮thaninfactsandpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei(1564-1642),whoprovedscientificideassuchas“theEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse”,wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence⑯.Thechurchandmanypeopletendedto⑰ignore⑱thefactsandwereunwilling⑲tochallengewhattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved⑳.Theypreferredtomakeassumptions○21abouttheworldbasedon○22theexperienceofothers○23.Infact,whenGalileiprovedthattheEarthwasnotthecentreoftheuniverse,insteadofbelievinghim,peoplechosetobelieveviewsthatwerealmost2,000yearsold!⑨thinking['θIŋkIŋ]n.思考,考虑⑩goagainst违背,反对⑪when引导定语从句,修饰先行词the17thcentury;that引导宾语从句。⑫rank[ræŋk]n.职衔⑬bureaucratic[ˌbjʊərə'krætIk]adj.官僚的⑭worthy['wɜːði]adj.值得的beworthyofbeingdonetobedone值得做某事⑮religion[rI'lIdʒən]n.宗教⑯defence[dI'fens]n.保卫,保护indefenceof保卫……;为……辩护⑰tendto往往会,倾向于⑱ignore[Iɡ'nɔː]vt.忽视,不顾⑲unwilling[ʌn'wIlIŋ]adj.不情愿的⑳what引导的从句作challenge的宾语。○21assumption[ə'sʌmpʃən]n.假定,假设ontheassumptionthat...假定……,假设……○22(be)basedon以……为基础○23basedon...是过去分词短语作后置定语。[第2段译文]然而,在17世纪,当弗兰西斯·培根提出这种思考方式是获取知识的途径时,他背离了当时的观念。在英国詹姆士国王1566-1625统治时期,培根是一位身居要职的官员,但是他真正的兴趣不是政府每日的繁文缛节,而是对知识的崇高追求。这当然不是他那个时代大多数人的兴趣。那时,人们更多地相信宗教,而不是事实。像伽利略·伽利莱1564-1642这样证明了例如“地球不是宇宙的中心”等科学观点的人常常被教会惩罚而无人为他们辩护。教会和许多人往往会忽视事实,不愿意去挑战他们一直习惯于相信的一切。他们宁愿以其他人的经验为依据对世界作出假设。事实上,当伽利莱证实地球不是宇宙的中心时,人们不相信他的话,而是宁愿去相信存在了将近两千年的观点!Itisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseancientviewsastheyhadbeenputforward○24bythegreatphilosopherAristotle(384-322BC)○25.HesaidthattheEarthmustbethecentreoftheuniversebecauseitfeltliketheEarthwasstandingstill.Galileidisagreed.Atfirst,peopleapprovedof○26hisstudiesandurged○27himtocontinue,butlaterwhenheprovedAristotlewrong,theygrewangryandputhiminprison○28.Theydidn'twanttochallenge○29whatthey'dalwaysthoughtwastrue.Thisalsoshowshowpeopledidn'twanttosearchfor○30theirownunderstandingoreducatethemselves.Andthisisstilloftentruetoday.Peoplefeelthatifsomeoneimportantandrespected○31saysthatsomethingisright,thenitmustbeso.ButeventhoughAristotlewasagreatmanwhoinspired○32manygreatscientistsandphilosophersafterhim○33,hewaswrongattimes.AndGalileitoomademistakes.Heisnowknownasthefatherofastronomybuthebelievedthattheearthmovedroundthesuninaperfectcircle.Hewaswrong.Thereforeourunderstandingoftheworldaroundusisconstantlygrowingandchanging.Inotherwords○34,welearnmoreeverydayandnoneofuscaneversitback○35andsay,“Weknowitall.”○24putforward提出○25Itisnotsurprisingthat...中,it是形式主语,that从句是真正的主语;本句中又包含一个as引导的原因状语从句。○26approveof赞成,赞许approve[ə'pruːv]v.赞成;认可;满意○27urge[ɜːdʒ]vt.力劝,强烈要求urgesb.todosth.强烈要求某人做某事○28putsb.inprison把某人关进监狱○29challengev.向……挑战○30searchfor搜寻(=lookfor)insearchof寻找,搜寻inone'ssearchfor某人寻找……○31respectedadj.受尊敬的,受敬重的○32inspire[In'spaIə]v.启发;鼓舞inspiresb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事inspiringadj.令人鼓舞的○33who引导定语从句,修饰agreatman。○34inotherwords换句话说inaword总而言之○35sitback坐下休息;袖手旁观[第3~4段译文]人们愿意相信这些古老的观点并不奇怪,因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德公元前384-公元前322提出来的。他说地球一定是宇宙的中心,因为从感觉上讲地球是静止不动的。伽利莱不同意这种说法。起初,人们赞同他的研究并敦促他继续进行,但是后来当他证明亚里士多德错了的时候,他们就生气了,把他关进了监狱。他们不愿意挑战他们一直认为正确的东西。这也表明人们是多么不愿意去探索自己对事物的理解或教育自己。在今天,这仍然是事实。人们认为,如果某个重要的和受尊敬的人说某事是正确的,那它一定是正确的。但即使是亚里士多德这样一位启发了他以后许多杰出的科学家和哲学家的伟大人物,有时也会出错。伽利莱也犯过错误。虽然他现在以天文学之父而闻名,但是他认为地球围绕太阳转动的轨迹是一个精确的圆圈。他是错误的。因此,我们对周围世界的理解是不断发展和变化的。换句话说,我们每天都在学习更多东西,谁也不能悠然自得地说:“我们什么都知道。”Weneedtothankthegreatmenofthepastforthewisdomtoknowthatwedon'tknowitallandprobablyneverwill,forthatwouldmeanaworldwithoutquestions○36.SomuchofourknowledgeandunderstandingoftheworldtodayisduetopeoplelikeBaconandGalilei,whowerebraveenoughtostepoutfromtheshadows○37ofconventional○38thoughtinordertofindthekingdom○39ofknowledgethattoday'scivilisation○40isbuiltupon.Thesemenknewthatknowledgeandunderstandingarethingstofightfor○41;morevital○42toaman,andmorebeneficial○43tomankind,somemightsay,th
本文标题:2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 15 Learning Section Ⅴ Lesson
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