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Unit5Meetingyourancestors[话题导读]导语:甲骨文(Oraclebonescript)是中国古代的一种文字,被认为是现代汉字的早期形式,有时候也被认为是汉字的书体之一,同时也是中国现存最古老的一种成熟文字。甲骨文引导炎黄子孙走上使图形记号表示意义而不约束其读音的文字发展历程,造就了延绵数千年统一的文化意识。OracleBoneScriptOraclebonescriptreferstotheancientChinesecharactersfoundonanimalbonesorturtleshellsusedindivination(占卜)inBronzeAgeChina.ThevastmajorityrecordisthedivinationbyfireoftheroyalhouseofthelateShangDynastyatthecapitalofYin(modernAnyang,HenanProvince).Becauseturtleshellsaswellasboneswereused,theoraclebonescriptisalsosometimescalledshellandbonescript.AsthemajorityoforaclebonesbearingwritingdatetothelateShangDynasty,oraclebonescriptessentiallyreferstoShangscript.ItiscertainthatthewritingoftheShangDynastyexperiencedaperiodofdevelopmentbeforetheAnyangoraclebonescript;however,nosignificantquantityofclearlyidentifiablewritingbeforeorduringtheearlytomiddleShangculturalperiodhasbeendiscovered.TheoraclebonescriptofthelateShangappearspictographic(象形文字的),asdoesitscontemporary,theShangwritingonbronzes.Theearliestoraclebonescriptappearsevenmoresothanexamplesfromlateintheperiod.ComparingoraclebonescripttobothShangandearlyWesternZhouperiodwritingonbronzes,oraclebonescriptisclearlygreatlysimplified;thisisthoughttobeduetothedifficultyofcarvingonthehardandbonysurfaces.Themoredetailedandmorepictorial(图片的,图画似的)styleofthebronzegraphsisthusthoughttobemorerepresentativeoftypicalShangwriting(aswouldhavenormallyoccurredonbamboobooks)thantheoraclebonescriptforms,anditisthistypicalstylewhichcontinuedtoevolve(演化)intotheZhouperiodwritingandthenintothesealscriptoftheQinstateinthelateZhouperiod.SectionⅠWarmingUp&Prereading&Reading—Comprehending练读文记词汇学翻译1教材助读[先读通]AVISITTOTHEZHOUKOUDIANCAVESAgroupofstudents(S)fromEnglandhascometotheZhoukoudiancavesforavisit.Anarchaeologist①(A)isshowingthemround②.A:WelcometotheZhoukoudiancaveshereinChina.ItisagreatpleasuretomeetyoustudentsfromEngland,whoareinterestedinarchaeology③.Youmustbeawarethat④it'sherethatwefoundevidence⑤ofsomeoftheearliestpeoplewholivedinthispartoftheworld.We'vebeenexcavating⑥hereformanyyearsand...S1:I'msorrytointerrupt⑦youbuthowcouldtheylivehere?Thereareonlyrocksandtrees.A:Goodquestion.Youareanacute⑧observer.Wehavefoundhumanandanimalbonesinthosecaveshigherupthehillaswellas⑨toolsandotherobjects.Sowethinkitisreasonabletoassume⑩theylivedinthesecaves,regardlessof⑪thecold⑫.S2:Howdidtheykeepwarm?Theycouldn'thavemats⑬,blanketsorquilts⑭likewedo.Itmusthavebeen⑮veryuncomfortable.A:We'vediscoveredfireplacesinthecentreofthecaveswheretheymadefires⑯.Thatwouldhavekeptthemwarm⑰,cookedthefoodandscaredwildbeasts⑱away⑲aswell⑳.Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.Wehaven'tfoundanydoorsbutwethinktheymighthavehunganimalskinsatthecavemouthtokeepout○21thecoldduringthefreezingwinter○22.S3:Whatwildanimalswerethereallthattimeago?A:Well,we'vebeenfinding○23thebonesoftigersandbearsinthecaves,andwethinktheseweretheirmostdangerousenemies.Nowwhatdoyouthinkthistellsusaboutthelifeoftheseearlypeople○24?(showspictureofasewingneedle)S2:Gosh!That'saneedle.Goodness,doesthatmeantheyrepairedthings?A:Whatelsedoyouthinkitmighthavebeenusedfor○25?S4:Letmelookatit.It'satmost○26threecentimetres○27long.Ahyes,itseemstobemadeofbone.Iwonder○28howtheymadetheholeforthe...S2:(interrupting)Doyoumeanthattheymadetheirownclothes?Wheredidtheygetthematerial?A:Theydidn'thavemateriallikewehavetoday.Canyouguesswhattheyused?S1:Wow!Didtheywearclothesmadeentirely○29ofanimalskins○30?Howdidtheypreparethem?I'msuretheywerequiteheavytocutandsewtogether.A:Ourevidencesuggeststhattheydidwearclothesmadefromanimalskins○31.Wecontinuediscovering○32toolsthatweresharpeners○33forothertools.Itseemsthattheyusedthesharpened○34stonetoolstocutup○35animalsandremovetheirskin.Thensmallerscrapers○36wereprobablyusedtoremovethefatandmeatfromtheskin.Afterthattheywouldrubanample○37amountof○38saltontotheskintomakeitsoft.Finally,theywouldcutitandsewthepiecestogether.Quiteadifficultandmessy○39task!Nowlookatthis.(showsanecklace)S2:Why,it'saprimitive○40necklace.Didearlypeoplereallycareabout○41theirappearancelikewedo?It'slovely!A:Yes,andsowellpreserved○42.Whatdoyouthinkit'smadeof?S4:Letmesee.Oh,Ithinksomeofthebeads○43aremadeofanimalbonesbutothersaremadeofshells.A:Howcleveryouare!Oneboneisactuallyananimaltoothandtheshellsarefromtheseaside.Canyouidentify○44anyotherbones?S1:Thisonelooksverymuchlikeafishbone.Isthatreasonable?A:Yes,indeed,asthebotanical○45analyses○46haveshownus○47,allthefieldsaroundhereusedto○48bepartofalargeshallowlake.Probablytherewerefishinit.S3:Butalakeisnotthesea.Wearemilesfromthesea,sohowdidtheseashells○49gethere?A:Perhapstherewastradebetweenearlypeoplesortheytravelledtotheseasideontheirjourneys.Weknowthattheymovedaround,followingtheherdsofanimals○50.Theydidn'tgrowtheirowncrops,butpicked○51fruitwhenitripened○52andhuntedanimals.That'swhy○53theyarecalledhuntersandgatherers.Now,whydon'twegoandvisitthecaves○54?[再记住]①archaeologist/'ɑːkI'ɒlədʒIst/n.考古学家(〈美〉archeologist)②showsb.round带领某人参观③archaeology/'ɑːkI'ɒlədʒI/n.考古学(〈美〉arche
本文标题:2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors Sect
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