2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors Sect

Unit5Meetingyourancestors[话题导读]导语：甲骨文(Oraclebonescript)是中国古代的一种文字，被认为是现代汉字的早期形式，有时候也被认为是汉字的书体之一，同时也是中国现存最古老的一种成熟文字。甲骨文引导炎黄子孙走上使图形记号表示意义而不约束其读音的文字发展历程，造就了延绵数千年统一的文化意识。OracleBoneScriptOraclebonescriptreferstotheancientChinesecharactersfoundonanimalbonesorturtleshellsusedindivination(占卜)inBronzeAgeChina.ThevastmajorityrecordisthedivinationbyfireoftheroyalhouseofthelateShangDynastyatthecapitalofYin(modernAnyang,HenanProvince)．Becauseturtleshellsaswellasboneswereused,theoraclebonescriptisalsosometimescalledshellandbonescript.AsthemajorityoforaclebonesbearingwritingdatetothelateShangDynasty,oraclebonescriptessentiallyreferstoShangscript.ItiscertainthatthewritingoftheShangDynastyexperiencedaperiodofdevelopmentbeforetheAnyangoraclebonescript;however,nosignificantquantityofclearlyidentifiablewritingbeforeorduringtheearlytomiddleShangculturalperiodhasbeendiscovered.TheoraclebonescriptofthelateShangappearspictographic(象形文字的),asdoesitscontemporary,theShangwritingonbronzes.Theearliestoraclebonescriptappearsevenmoresothanexamplesfromlateintheperiod.ComparingoraclebonescripttobothShangandearlyWesternZhouperiodwritingonbronzes,oraclebonescriptisclearlygreatlysimplified；thisisthoughttobeduetothedifficultyofcarvingonthehardandbonysurfaces.Themoredetailedandmorepictorial(图片的，图画似的)styleofthebronzegraphsisthusthoughttobemorerepresentativeoftypicalShangwriting(aswouldhavenormallyoccurredonbamboobooks)thantheoraclebonescriptforms,anditisthistypicalstylewhichcontinuedtoevolve(演化)intotheZhouperiodwritingandthenintothesealscriptoftheQinstateinthelateZhouperiod.SectionⅠWarmingUp&Prereading&Reading—Comprehending练读文记词汇学翻译1教材助读[先读通]AVISITTOTHEZHOUKOUDIANCAVESAgroupofstudents(S)fromEnglandhascometotheZhoukoudiancavesforavisit.Anarchaeologist①(A)isshowingthemround②.A：WelcometotheZhoukoudiancaveshereinChina.ItisagreatpleasuretomeetyoustudentsfromEngland,whoareinterestedinarchaeology③.Youmustbeawarethat④it'sherethatwefoundevidence⑤ofsomeoftheearliestpeoplewholivedinthispartoftheworld.We'vebeenexcavating⑥hereformanyyearsand...S1：I'msorrytointerrupt⑦youbuthowcouldtheylivehere?Thereareonlyrocksandtrees.A：Goodquestion.Youareanacute⑧observer.Wehavefoundhumanandanimalbonesinthosecaveshigherupthehillaswellas⑨toolsandotherobjects.Sowethinkitisreasonabletoassume⑩theylivedinthesecaves，regardlessof⑪thecold⑫.S2：Howdidtheykeepwarm?Theycouldn'thavemats⑬，blanketsorquilts⑭likewedo.Itmusthavebeen⑮veryuncomfortable.A：We'vediscoveredfireplacesinthecentreofthecaveswheretheymadefires⑯.Thatwouldhavekeptthemwarm⑰，cookedthefoodandscaredwildbeasts⑱away⑲aswell⑳.Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.Wehaven'tfoundanydoorsbutwethinktheymighthavehunganimalskinsatthecavemouthtokeepout○21thecoldduringthefreezingwinter○22.S3：Whatwildanimalswerethereallthattimeago？A：Well,we'vebeenfinding○23thebonesoftigersandbearsinthecaves,andwethinktheseweretheirmostdangerousenemies.Nowwhatdoyouthinkthistellsusaboutthelifeoftheseearlypeople○24？(showspictureofasewingneedle)S2：Gosh!That'saneedle.Goodness,doesthatmeantheyrepairedthings？A：Whatelsedoyouthinkitmighthavebeenusedfor○25？S4：Letmelookatit.It'satmost○26threecentimetres○27long.Ahyes,itseemstobemadeofbone.Iwonder○28howtheymadetheholeforthe...S2：(interrupting)Doyoumeanthattheymadetheirownclothes?Wheredidtheygetthematerial？A：Theydidn'thavemateriallikewehavetoday.Canyouguesswhattheyused？S1：Wow!Didtheywearclothesmadeentirely○29ofanimalskins○30？Howdidtheypreparethem?I'msuretheywerequiteheavytocutandsewtogether.A：Ourevidencesuggeststhattheydidwearclothesmadefromanimalskins○31.Wecontinuediscovering○32toolsthatweresharpeners○33forothertools.Itseemsthattheyusedthesharpened○34stonetoolstocutup○35animalsandremovetheirskin.Thensmallerscrapers○36wereprobablyusedtoremovethefatandmeatfromtheskin.Afterthattheywouldrubanample○37amountof○38saltontotheskintomakeitsoft.Finally,theywouldcutitandsewthepiecestogether.Quiteadifficultandmessy○39task!Nowlookatthis.(showsanecklace)S2：Why,it'saprimitive○40necklace.Didearlypeoplereallycareabout○41theirappearancelikewedo?It'slovely！A：Yes,andsowellpreserved○42.Whatdoyouthinkit'smadeof？S4：Letmesee.Oh,Ithinksomeofthebeads○43aremadeofanimalbonesbutothersaremadeofshells.A：Howcleveryouare!Oneboneisactuallyananimaltoothandtheshellsarefromtheseaside.Canyouidentify○44anyotherbones？S1：Thisonelooksverymuchlikeafishbone.Isthatreasonable？A：Yes,indeed,asthebotanical○45analyses○46haveshownus○47，allthefieldsaroundhereusedto○48bepartofalargeshallowlake.Probablytherewerefishinit.S3：Butalakeisnotthesea.Wearemilesfromthesea,sohowdidtheseashells○49gethere？A：Perhapstherewastradebetweenearlypeoplesortheytravelledtotheseasideontheirjourneys.Weknowthattheymovedaround,followingtheherdsofanimals○50.Theydidn'tgrowtheirowncrops,butpicked○51fruitwhenitripened○52andhuntedanimals.That'swhy○53theyarecalledhuntersandgatherers.Now，whydon'twegoandvisitthecaves○54？[再记住]①archaeologist/'ɑːkI'ɒlədʒIst/n.考古学家(〈美〉archeologist)②showsb.round带领某人参观③archaeology/'ɑːkI'ɒlədʒI/n.考古学(〈美〉arche