2019-2020学年高中英语 Module 5 Great People Section Ⅱ Gr

返回目录GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChinaModule5返回目录SectionⅡGrammar—限制性定语从句返回目录课前自主领悟语法要点精析针对强化训练目录Contents返回目录课前自主领悟[语法图解]返回目录[探究发现]①Moziwasanotherteacherwhowasveryinfluential.②Bornin476BC,hecamefromafamilywhichwasverypoor.③Thewoman(whom)yousawjustnowisourteacher.④DoyouknowthegirlwhoseJapaneseisexcellent?⑤AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.⑥Butitwasalsoatimewhentherearemanygreatphilosophers.返回目录⑦Doyouknowthereasonwhyhehasbeenlate?⑧Forexample,itisthecountryinwhichsilkwasfirstinvented.⑨HeisamanofwhomChinacanbeproud.返回目录[我的发现](1)①②③④句中黑体部分的引导词是关系代词，分别在定语从句中充当_________、_________、_________、_________。(2)由③句可知，当关系代词在定语从句中充当_________时，可以省略。(3)⑤⑥⑦句中黑体部分的引导词是关系副词，分别在定语从句中充当_________、_________、_________状语。(4)⑧⑨句为____________________引导的定语从句。主语主语宾语定语宾语地点时间原因介词＋which/whom返回目录语法要点精析一、定语从句的概念与分类在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。前者紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去；后者主句与从句之间用逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如果省去，意思仍然完整。返回目录二、限制性定语从句的作用限制性定语从句为先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句，若去掉，被修饰的主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。Heisthemanwhom/thatIamwaitingfor.他就是我正在等待的那个人。Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那个人的车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。(此处whose用来修饰其后面的名词car，其先行词是man，相当于theman'scar)返回目录三、关系词的用法1．关系代词的用法(1)that和which的用法①which指物，that既可指人也可指物；它们在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，which和that在从句中作宾语时可以省略。Pleasefindaroomwhich/thatisbigenoughforallofustolivein.请找一间足够住下我们所有人的房间。返回目录Thisisthehouse(which/that)weboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。Thisisthethief(that)wehavebeenlookingforthesedays.这就是我们近日来一直在找的小偷。返回目录②在限制性定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用that而不用which的情况：a．当先行词是all,little,few,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等词时。Canyougivemeanythingthathasnosugarinside?能不能给我点儿里面没有糖的东西？b．当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。Thisisthefirsttwo­storeybusthatrunsinourcity.这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。返回目录c．当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰时。GuilinisthemostbeautifulcitythatIhaveevervisited.桂林是我游览过的最美丽的城市。d．当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,theright等修饰时。Thisistheveryscarfthatmotherhasbeenlookingfor.这就是母亲一直在找的那条围巾。返回目录e．当先行词既有人又有物时。CanyoutellmethepeopleandeventsthatyousawinBritain?你能告诉我你在英国见到的人和事吗？f．句子中出现过which或who之类的词，为了避免重复，要用that。Whichofthebooksthathadpictureswasworthreading?哪本有图画的书值得读呢？返回目录③在限制性定语从句中只用which不用that的情况：a．先行词为that,those时，用which，而不用that。What'sthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那东西是什么？b．关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。返回目录[即时训练1]——用that或which填空①Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof_________hasbeenproved.②We'llreachthesalestargetsinamonth______________wesetatthebeginningoftheyear.③Pleasesendusalltheinformation________youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.④Doyouhaveanything________isimportanttotellme?whichwhich/thatthatthat返回目录⑤Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoods______________sellbest.⑥Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthings________hadneverbeenseenbefore.⑦Thisisthefamily______________isplanningtomovetotheparty.⑧Couldyoulendmethebook______________youboughtyesterday?which/thatthatwhich/thatwhich/that返回目录(2)who和whom的用法who和whom指人，who在从句中可作主语和宾语，whom在从句中作宾语。Thereisagirlwhowantstoseeyou.有个女孩儿想见你。Theoldmanwho/whomyousawyesterdayisathinker.你昨天见到的那位老人是位思想家。返回目录(3)whose的用法whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。它可以转化为“the＋名词＋ofwhich/whom”和“ofwhich/whom＋the＋名词”的形式。返回目录Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.→Thisisthescientistthenameofwhomisknownalloverthecountry.这就是那位全国知名的科学家。Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.→Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhichisgreen.请递给我那本绿色封面的书。返回目录[即时训练2](1)用适当的关系代词填空①Theman____________istalkingwithmyfatherisapoliceman.②Theprofessor________________youwishtoseehasgoneabroad.③Thisisthewomanscientist_________researchisknownaroundtheworld.④Helivesinaroom_________windowfacesnorth.who/thatwho/that/whomwhosewhose返回目录(2)对比填空孔子是影响力最大的一位哲学家。①Confuciusisthephilosopher_________influencehasbeenthegreatest.②Confuciusisthephilosopher___________theinfluencehasbeenthegreatest.③Confuciusisthephilosophertheinfluence___________hasbeenthegreatest.whoseofwhomofwhom返回目录2．关系副词的用法(1)when指时间，在从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常有：time,day,week,year等。IcannotforgetthedaywhenIfirstsawyou.我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。(2)where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place,street,house,city,country以及一些抽象意义的名词，如point,case,position,condition,situation。Thisisthehousewheretheylivedaweekago.这是一个星期前他们住过的房子。返回目录(3)why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。ThereasonwhyIdon'ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。【提示】(1)这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于“介词＋which”结构：①when＝on(in,at,during…)＋which②where＝in(at,on…)＋which③why＝forwhich返回目录(2)当先行词是表示时间的time,day等或表示地点的place,house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语，关系词应用which或that，缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where。Istillremembertheday(which/that)wespenttogetherinthecity.我仍然记得我们在那座城市一起度过的那一天。Thisistheroomwhere(inwhich)LaoSheoncelived.这是老舍曾经居住过的房间。返回目录[即时训练3]——用适当的关系副词填空①Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,________theweathermaybebetter.②Thisisthefactory_________heusedtowork.③Isthisthemuseum_________theexhibitionwasheld?④Sheremembersthedays________shewasagirl.⑤Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks_________animalsandplantscanbeprotected.⑥Thereareseveralreasons_______wecan'tdotha