2019-2020学年高中英语 Module 4 Carnival Period 3 Grammar

Module4CarnivalPeriod3Grammar语法专题课被动语态【课前热身】观察下面教材中的句子,用所给词的适当形式完成句子,并体会其用法。①InEurope,whereitbegan,carnival___________(follow)byfortydayswithoutmeat.wasfollowed②Theiruse__________(limit)bylaws,thefirstofwhichdatesbacktothefourteenthcentury.③Inlatertimesmorelaws___________(pass).waslimitedwerepassed④Today,carnivalinVenice___________(celebrate)forfivedaysinFebruary.⑤Hotelsarefullybookedandthenarrowstreets___________(crowd)withwonderfulcostumes.iscelebratedarecrowded【课堂诠解】Ⅰ.语态概述英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。它们是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。例如:Heopenedthedoor.他打开了门。(主动句)Thedoorwasopened.门被打开了。(被动句)Ⅱ.被动语态的构成被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。下面以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时am/is/aretaught一般过去时was/weretaught一般将来时will/shallbetaught现在进行时am/is/arebeingtaught过去进行时was/werebeingtaught现在完成时have/hasbeentaught过去完成时hadbeentaughtⅢ.被动语态的用法1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。①一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)Somenewcomputers___________lastnight.werestolen②这所学校是10年前建成的。(不知是谁建的)Theschool_________10yearsago.wasbuilt2.强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。①需要更加努力学习。Moreeffortsshould________tostudy.②Canthisbikeberepairedhere?(翻译)________________________bemade这辆自行车能在这儿修吗?Ⅳ.主动语态变被动语态的方法1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2.把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词),根据被动语态中主语的人称和数,以及主动语态中动词的时态来决定be动词的形式。3.主动语态的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。(把下面的句子改为被动语态)①Allthepeoplelaughedathim.________________________________②Theymakethebikesinthefactory.______________________________________Hewaslaughedatbyallthepeople.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.【巧学助记】主动变被动记忆歌诀宾变主,主变宾,by的短语后面跟;谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。Ⅴ.使用被动语态应注意的几个问题1.不及物动词或部分短语动词没有被动语态。这类动词(短语)常有:die,end,fail,rise,breakout,takeplace,occur,happen,belongto,consistof,datebackto,comeout,runout等。①玛丽也想到了这个主意。Thesameidea________toMary.②这本新书何时出版?Whenwillthenewbook________?occurredcomeout2.有些动词既是及物动词也是不及物动词。当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用,表示主语内在的品质和性能时,它们是不及物动词,常用主动形式表示被动意义。这类动词有:wash,sell,read,wear,write,draw,build,cook,clean等。①这支钢笔写字很流畅。Thispen______________.②这本新书很畅销。(翻译)______________________writessmoothlyThisnewbooksellswell.3.感官动词或使役动词的主动语态中常使用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但变为被动语态时,必须加上to。(把下面的句子改为被动语态)①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Smalltalkmakespeoplefeelgood.→People_____________goodbysmalltalk.②Iheardhermoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight.→Shewasheard____________inherroomupstairslastnightbyme.aremadetofeeltomoveabout4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词由与其搭配的动词决定。(把下面的句子改为被动语态)①Hisfriendofferedhimmuchmoneytohelphimsurvivethefinancialcrisis.→Muchmoney_____________himbyhisfriendtohelphimsurvivethefinancialcrisis.②Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.→Anewbike______________mebymyfather.wasofferedtowasboughtfor5.一些“动词+介词或副词”构成动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能漏掉其中的介词或副词。这类短语有:agreeto,laughat,askfor,listento,lookafter,operateon等。(把下面的句子改为被动语态)①Shehaslookedafterherelderlyparentsformanyyears.→_________________________________________________________②Youmusttakecareofyourbooks.→______________________________________Herelderlyparentshavebeenlookedafterbyherformanyyears.Yourbooksmustbetakencareof(byyou).6.含有复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的主动句,宾语补足语仍然保留在谓语动词后面。(把下面的句子改为被动语态)①Wefoundamanlyingontheground,unconscious.→___________________________________________________②Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.→____________________________________Amanwasfound(byus)lyingontheground,unconscious.Theclassroomisalwayskeptcleanbyus.7.含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,被动语态由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成。(把下面的句子改为被动语态)①Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatch_______________intwodaysbyus.②Yououghttotakeitaway.→It____________________byyou.canberepairedoughttobetakenaway8.一些句子中如果含有动宾结构构成的短语,可以有两种变被动语态的形式(把下面的句子改为被动语态)①WeshouldmakefulluseofthetimetostudyEnglish.→Thetimeshould________fulluseoftostudyEnglishbyus.→Fulluseshould__________thetimetostudyEnglishbyus.bemadebemadeof②MarytookgoodcareofmysisterwhenIwasaway.→Mysister____________________byMarywhenIwasaway.→Goodcare___________mysisterbyMarywhenIwasaway.wastakengoodcareofwastakenof【共享课堂】1.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词(短语)没有被动语态。2.掌握各种时态(包括情态动词)的被动语态的谓语形式,理解并会运用主动语态表示被动含义。