男性择偶策略改变的前提_自感配偶价值提高_英文_

心理学报2007，39（3）：513~522ActaPsychologicaSinica513EnhancementofSelf-perceivedMateValuePrecedesaShiftinMen’sPreferredMatingStrategyMichele.K.Surbey,andGavin.R.BriceJamesCookUniversitySeventy-threeparticipants(40women,33men)completedquestionnairesconcerningtheirself-perceivedmatevalue(SPMV)andpreferredmatingstrategyintwoseparatesessions,withbaselinemeasurescollectedduringthefirststage.Atthecommencementofthesecondtestingsession,participantswereprovidedwithafictitiouspositiveassessmentoftheirworthasamateinanattempttomanipulatetheirSPMVupward.ItwashypothesizedthathigherSPMVandtheendorsementorpursuitofcasualsexualactivitywouldbepositivelyrelatedinmenandthatraisingmen’sSPMVwouldincreasethebiastowardthismatingstrategy.AstrongrelationshipbetweenSPMVandmatingstrategywasnotexpectedinwomen,norwasincreasingSPMVexpectedtoalterwomen’smatingstrategy.Aspredicted,highbaselinelevelsofSPMVwerepositivelyrelatedwiththeendorsementofcasualsexualactivityinmen,andanelevationinmen’sSPMVfollowingthemanipulationwasassociatedwiththeincreasedchoiceofthismatingstrategy.Moreover,itappearedthattheriseinSPMVspecifically,ratherthananincreaseinglobalself-esteem,wasrelatedtotheshiftinmatingstrategy.LittleevidencewasfoundtosuggestthatbaselineSPMVorincreasestoSPMVwererelatedtowomen’sendorsementorpursuitofcasualversusmorecommittedsexualrelationships.Keywords:self-perceivedmatevalue,globalself-esteem,casualsexualactivity,committedsexualrelationships.男性择偶策略改变的前提：自感配偶价值提高研究分为问卷调查与实验研究两部分。首先，40名女性和33名男性完成有关自感配偶价值评价（SPMV）和择偶偏爱策略的问卷调查，问卷调查结果是实验研究中数据分析的基线。其次，第二部分实验开始后，被试会得到实验者编造的他人潜在择偶对象的积极正面评价，其目的在于提高被试的SPMV。可以假设，男性的SPMV与随意性行为的认同或追求有正相关，男性SPMV的提高将会更加偏爱短期的性策略；女性SPMV与随意性行为不存在相关，女性SPMV的提高不会改变女性的性策略。研究结果显示，SPMV高基线水平的男性更加认可随意性行为，男性SPMV的提高与短期策略选择的增加有关。另外，SPMV提高，而不是一般自尊的提高，与择偶策略的改变具有相关。本研究结果没有证实，与长期稳定的性关系相比，SPMV的基线水平或是提高与女性对随意性行为的认同或追求之间存在相关。关键词：自感配偶价值，一般自尊，随意性行为，守诺型性关系。分类号：B84-069Akeyaspectofresearchonhumanmateselectionconcernstheconsistentbetween-sexdifferencesinmatingbehaviourandpreferences.Thatadisparityinlevelsofparentalinvestmentdrivessexdifferencesinmatingstrategyacrossspeciesiswellestablishedandsupportedintheliterature(Bateman,1948;Clutton-Brock&Vincent,1991;Trivers,1972).Men,thelowinvestingsex,aregenerallybiasedtowardshort-termmatingstrategiesinvolvingnumerouspartners,andplacegreateremphasisonamate’slevelofphysicalattractivenessthanwomen.Women,whoseobligatelevelofparentalinvestmentishigher,benefitmorefromestablishinglong-termrelationshipswithmenReceived2006-08-30CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoMichele.K.Surbey,DepartmentofPsychology,JamesCookUniversity,Townsville,QLD,4811,Australia;e-mail:[e-mail]’s(1993)comprehensivemodelofhumanmatingstrategies,SexualStrategiesTheory(SST)outlinestheadaptiverationalebehindtheemploymentoftheseoptimalstrategiesinmenandwomen.However,asseveralauthorshavenoted(e.g.Geary,1998;Hrdy,1981;Symons,1979),notallmenandwomenconsistentlyadopttheserespectiveoptimalstrategies.OneoftheimportantfeaturesofSSTisthatitalsoprovidesarationaleforwhymensometimesemploylong-termstrategiesandwomenconverselypursueshort-termrelationships.Gangestad&Simpson’s(2000)StrategicPluralismmodelfurtherconsidersthesourcesofvariationinmatingstrategieswithinthesexes.Inparticular,theysuggestthatthesuccessofagivenstrategyformenislargelydependentonthepreferencesandcriteriaofthewomendoingthe514心理学报39卷choosing.Womendonotprefershort-termmatingtothesamedegreeasmenandwhenwomenengageinshort-termmatingthecriteriatheyemploymaybedifficultformanymentomeet.Whenevaluatingthemforthepossibilityofashort-term,casualsexualrelationship,womenassessmenonanumberofrelevantdimensions(seeBuss,2004).Forexample,thepossessionofmaterialresources(thatmaybeimmediatelyimpartedtothewomanorherchildren)isoneimportantcriterion(Hrdy,1981;Symons,1979),asistheabilitytoprovidephysicalprotectionfromothermen(Barkow,1989;Buss&Schmitt,1993;Smuts,1985).Apreferenceforphysicallyattractivepartners,althoughreducedcomparedtomen’s,existsinwomen,butthispreferenceismagnifiedwhenawomanisconsideringashort-termmate(Buss&Schmitt,1993;Gangestad&Thornhill,1997).Theimportanceofattractivenesswhenwomenevaluatemenasshort-termmatescouldbeareflectionoftheadvantagesprovidedbyhighergeneticquality(Gangestad&Simpson,2000;Kirkpatrick,1996).The“good-genes”sexualselectionhypothesissuggeststhat,ingarneringhigh-qualitypaternalgenes,awomanconfersanenhancedchanceofsurvivaluponherchildren.Althoughtheoffspringmaynotnecessarilyexperiencetheadvantagesofongoingpaternalinvestment,theirsuperiorgeneticmaterialmayprovidealternativebenefits.Specifically,highqualitygenesmaysignificantlyincreaseanindividual’sabilitytoresistpathogens,undoubtedlyakeyfactorinthestruggleforsurvivalthroughouthumanhistory(Gangestad&Simpson,2000).Amongthefactorsknowntocorrelatewithmen’sphysicalattractivenessisahighdegreeofbilateralphysicalsymmetry,whichgenerallyservesasanindicationoftheabilitytowithstanddevelopmentalchallenges(Gangestad&Thornhill,1997;Møller&Thornhill,1998).GangestadandSimpson(2000)suggestthatasaresu