Yunnan_China_EQ

2007Pu’er,ChinaEarthquakeRMSEventReportRiskManagementSolutionsTM12007Pu’er,ChinaEarthquakeCopyright©2007RiskManagementSolutions,Inc.AllRightsReserved.RMSEventReport概述2007年6月3日，当地时间凌晨05时34分56.8秒，与缅甸，老挝和越南接壤的云南省发生Mw6.3级地震（Ms6.4级）。中国地震局发布震中位于东经101º06’，北纬23º00’。震源深度仅5公里（3英里）。尽管此次地震周边各县都有震感，位于震中的普洱市宁洱县受灾最为严重。震后的数小时内发生多次余震。由于受害地区为经济落后的偏远山区，多数房屋陈旧，抗震性能低。据最新政府统计，地震造成3人死亡，400多人受伤，多处房屋坍塌。通信，供水以及当地基础设施均遭到严重破坏。美国RMS的合作伙伴中国地震局工程力学研究所震后立刻奔赴现场，展开灾情调查。现场工作队提供了本次地震的特性报告以及对于民用，商业和公共房屋的损失状况的评估。中国地震局工程力学研究所评估此次地震造成的直接经济损失为19.1亿元（2.5亿美元）。其中10.4亿元来自民用房屋损失。RMS公司预测的民用房屋的损失为8.8亿元(1.15亿美元),和评估损失具有很高吻合。工程力学研究所和RMS的损失评估均被列入本报告中。22007Pu’er,ChinaEarthquakeCopyright©2007RiskManagementSolutions,Inc.AllRightsReserved.RMSEventReportEXECUTIVESUMMARYOnSunday,June3,2007at5:34:58a.m.localtime,amomentmagnitude(Mw)6.3earthquakestrucktheYunnanProvinceofChina,nearthebordersofMyanmar,Laos,andVietnam(seeFigure1).TheChinaEarthquakeAdministration(CEA)releasedanepicenterlocationof23º00’N,101º06’Ewithashallowdepthof5km(3mi).Whiletheeventwasfeltacrossthesurroundingcounties,theregionworsthitwasNing’erCounty,inthecityofPu’er.Numerousaftershockswererecordedintheregionwithinafewhoursofthemainevent.Theimpactedregionisamountainous,remoteareathathasbeenslowinitseconomicdevelopment.Asaresult,manyolderbuildingswithlittleornoearthquake-resistantcapacitystillexist.Somebuildingscollapsedfollowingtheearthquake,killing3peopleandinjuringover400more,accordingtothelatestgovernmentstatistics.Communications,watersupplies,andlocalinfrastructureintheareawerealsoseverelyaffected.RMS’earthquakemodeldevelopmentpartner,theInstituteofEngineeringMechanics(IEM)oftheCEA,surveyedthedamagefromthisearthquakewithinafewdaysofthemainshock.IEM’sreconnaissanceteamhasprovidedinformationontheevent’sseismicnature,aswellasthedamagetoresidential,commercial,andpublicfacilities.IEMestimatesalossof1.91billionRMB($250million)1,1.035billionRMB($135million)ofwhichistoresidentialproperties.RMSmodeledestimatesofresidentiallossbasedonthenewRMS®ChinaEarthquakeModelare880millionRMB($115million),showingaclosecorrelationtotheobservedlosses.IEM’sobservations2,alongwithRMSestimatesofloss,arepresentedinthisreport.1AllcurrencyconversionsareChinaYuanRenminbi(RMB)toU.S.Dollars($).2AllphotoswithinthisdocumentarecourtesyofJunwuDaioftheInstituteofEngineeringMechanicsoftheChinaEarthquakeAdministration.32007Pu’er,ChinaEarthquakeCopyright©2007RiskManagementSolutions,Inc.AllRightsReserved.RMSEventReportFigure1:MapshowingregionofYunnanProvinceinSouthernChinaimpactedbytheMw6.3June3,2007earthquake42007Pu’er,ChinaEarthquakeCopyright©2007RiskManagementSolutions,Inc.AllRightsReserved.RMSEventReportSEISMICHAZARDInYunnanProvince,locatedinsouthwesternChina,earthquakesarerelativelycommon.TheseismicityofsouthwesternChinaisdrivenbythecollisionoftheIndian-AustralianPlateintotheEurasianplate.Yunnanisatthesoutheasternendofthisdeformationzone.NumerousdamagingearthquakeshaveaffectedthisregionofChinaovertime.AccordingtotheseismichazardmapofChina,intensitiesrangingfromVIItoIXcanbeexpectedinYunnan.Moreover,thelosscosts,definedastheaverageannualloss(AAL)per1,000RMBexposure,fortheresidentialbuildingstockarebetween1and2inNing’erCountyandSimaoDistrict,basedontheRMS®ChinaEarthquakeModel.Thehighrateofearthquakeoccurrence,coupledwiththevulnerabilityofthebuildingstock,placesthisregionamongtheareasofhighestseismicriskinChina.Sincethelate19thcentury,eightearthquakesofmagnitude6.0orgreaterhaveoccurredwithin50km(31mi)oftherecentevent’sepicenter.Thelargesthistoricaleventwasasurfacewavemagnitude(Ms)6.8withamaximumintensityofIX,whichoccurredonMarch15,1979,inNing’erCounty.TheJune3,2007EventAmaximumintensityofVIII(severe)wasfeltintheimmediatevicinityoftheMw6.3event,suchasinthevillagesofLaoZhangzhaiandBanHai.SmallpocketsofintensityIXwerealsofeltinareaswithpoorsoils.ThepatternofdamageintensityisconsistentwithgroundmotionsrecordedattheYunnanDigitalStrongGroundMotionObservationStation,whichwasestablishedbytheChinaEarthquakeAdministrationandismanagedlocallybytheYunnanEarthquakeAdministration.Fouraccelerographswithinapproximately40km(25mi)oftheepicenterreportedhorizontalpeakgroundacceleration(PGA)valuesrangingfrom0.05gto0.431gandverticalPGAvaluesbetween0.024gto0.157g(seeTable1).Theearthquakegenerateditshighaccelerationsalonganorthwesttrendfromitsepicenterasevidencedbythelocationsofthesestations.Table1.Peakgroundacceleration(PGA)valuesatthefouraccelerographstationsrecordingtheJune3,2007eventLocationDistancefromEpicenter(km)HorizontalPGA(N–SDirection)(g)HorizontalPGA(E–WDirection)(g)VerticalPGA(g)Ning’er–DeHua220.4310.2670.157Xinggu–Zhengxing390.4050.2110.103Ning’er–Mengxian120.1220.1580.054Simao–Mengxiba360.0580.0500.024Theepicenteroftheeventwasalonga90ºdippingplanenearthecitycenterofPu’er.Withadepthofonly5km(3mi),theearthquakeproducedcracksalongtheground,whichcausedwatertoflowtothesurface.Theearthquaketriggeredmudslidesandtherewereafewoccurrencesoflarge,fallingrocksontheroadsintheregion(e.g.,ontheroadfromthevillagesofBanHaitoZhengHeasshowninFigure2).52007Pu’er,Chi