2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 13 People（一）Warm-up & Lesson

1课时跟踪检测（一）Warm­up&Lesson1—Pre­reading阅读理解AHenriettaSwanLeavittwasbornonJuly4,1869,inMassachusetts.Littleisknownaboutherprivatelife.Asacollegestudent,shestudiedanumberofsubjectsandfellinlovewithastronomy.Leavittnevermarriedandwasconsideredaseriouswomanwithlittletimetowasteonunimportantaspectsoflife.Herco­workersdescribedheraspleasantandfriendly,andmuchfocusedontheimportanceoftheworkshewasdoing.Shebegantoloseherhearingasayoungwomanduetoaconditionthatonlyworsenedwithtime.In1893,shebeganworkingatHarvardCollegeObservatoryunderthedirectionofastronomerE．C.Pickering.Hedirectedagroupofwomen,whowerecalled“computers”．These“computers”conductedimportantastronomyresearchbystudyingphotographicplates(照相底片)oftheskyandcataloging(编目录)characteristicsofstars.Thewomenwerenotallowedtooperatetelescopes,whichlimitedtheirabilitytoconducttheirownresearch.Theylivedatatimewhenwomen'scontributionswereundervaluedorignored.HenriettaLeavittcontinuedherresearchuntiljustbeforeherdeath,alwaysthinkingofherselfasanastronomer,despiteherstartasanameless“computer”inPickering'sdepartment.WhileLeavittwasnotofficiallyrecognizedduringherlifeforherwork,HarlowShapley,theastronomerwhowastheHarvardCollegeObservatorydirector,didrecognizeherworthandmadeherheadofStellarPhotometryin1921.AtthattimeLeavittwassufferingfromcancer,andshediedatthesameyear.ThispreventedherfrombeingrecognizedasaNobelPrizeownerforhercontributions.Afterherdeath,hernamewasplacedonalunarcrater(月球陨石坑),andasteroid(小行星)5383Leavittcarrieshername.Atleastonebookhasbeenpublishedaboutherandhernameisusuallymentionedaspartofthehistoryofastronomicalcontributions.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。在大学的时候，Leavitt就对天文学产生了浓厚的兴趣，虽然那个年代存在对女性的歧视，但这并没有影响Leavitt取得非凡的成就。1．WhatcanwelearnaboutLeavitt?A．Shewashardtogetalongwith.2B．Shesufferedfromcancerinchildhood.C．Sheneverregardedherselfasanastronomer.D．Shebecameinterestedinastronomyatcollege.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段的“Asacollegestudent,shestudiedanumberofsubjectsandfellinlovewithastronomy”可知，Leavitt在大学期间就对天文学产生了兴趣。2．Whywerethewomenregardedas“computers”？A．Theydevotedthemselvestoscience.B．Theywerelookeddownuponbyothers.C．Theyusedtoserveasworkingcomputers.D．Theyknewnothingbutphotographicplates.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Theylivedatatimewhenwomen'scontributionswereundervaluedorignored”可以推断出，她们被人们叫做“computers”是因为在那个年代，女性的成就是被人低估或忽视的。3．WhathappenedafterLeavitt'sdeath?A．Shewashonoredinaspecialway.B．ANobelPrizewasawardedtoher.C．Oneofherbookswaspublished.D．Herachievementswereignored.解析：选A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Afterherdeath,hernamewasplacedonalunarcrater(月球陨石坑),andasteroid(小行星)5383Leavittcarrieshername”可知，Leavitt去世后人们用特别的方式纪念她。4．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeLeavitt?A．Devoted.B．Generous.C．Reliable.D．Energetic.解析：选A推理判断题。通读全文可知，Leavitt热爱天文，对工作认真，尽管生前没有得到应有的荣誉也兢兢业业，很有奉献精神。BAlbertEinsteinwasprobablythemostfamousscientistofthetwentiethcentury.Hechangedscientificthinkinginthemodernworld.Heisgenerallyconsideredasthegreatestphysicistwhoeverlived.What'smore,hedevotedalotofhistimeandenergytoworkingforhumanrightsandprogress.In1933,whileEinsteinwasvisitingEnglandandthe3UnitedStates,theNazigovernmentofGermanytookallhisthingsaway,includinghispositionandhiscitizenship.EinsteinthensettleddownintheUnitedStates.In1939,Einstein,wholovedpeace—afraidofaworldinwhichonlyHitlerwouldhaveanatomicbomb—triedhardtopersuadePresidentFranklinD．RooseveltinafamouslettertohavetheUnitedStatesstarturanium(铀)research.ThatGermany,afterall,hadnobomb,andthatthefirstbombwouldfallonJapan,couldnothavebeenexpected.Afterthewar,Einsteinneverstoppedworkingforpeaceandreducingthenumberofsoldiersintheworld.Althoughhewasn'tconnectedwithanyacceptedreligion,EinsteinfeltthattrustinapersonalGodwastoospecialanideatobesuitabletotheGodatworkinthisuniverse,butheneverbelievedthattheuniversewasoneofchanceordisorder.Theuniversetohimwasoneofpure(纯的)lawandorder.Heoncesaid,“Godmayknoweverything,butheisnothateful.”语篇解读：本文向我们介绍了20世纪最伟大的科学家爱因斯坦及其贡献。5．Fromthepassageweknowthat________.A．noscientistisasgreatasAlbertEinsteinduringthiscenturyB．AlbertEinsteinwaslikelytobethegreatestscientistofhistimeC．AlbertEinsteinmadethefirstatomicbombfortheUnitedStatesD．AlbertEinsteinlosthisGermancitizenshipbyaccident解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句可知爱因斯坦可能是20世纪最伟大的科学家。6．Einstein________in1933.A．visitedEnglandandChinaB．regainedeverythingC．becameamanwithoutacountryD．madethefirstatomicbomb解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句话可知，在1933年，德国纳粹政府拿走了他的一切，包括他在德国的公民权。由此可知他没有了国家。7．Einsteinbelievedthateverythingintheuniverse________.A．waskeptinorderbyitsownlawB．hadnothingtodowitheachotherC．happenedinanirregularwayD．wasmadebytheGod解析：选A细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Theuniversetohimwasoneofpure4(纯的)lawandorder.”可知，他认为宇宙并不是杂乱无序的，而是有自己的法则。8．Whichofthefollowingagreeswiththetext?A．Hitlerhaduraniumresearchstartedbefore1933.B．HitlerwasongoodtermswithFranklinD．Roosevelt.C．FranklinD．RooseveltacceptedEinstein'sadviceabouturaniumresearch.D．JapanhatedEinsteinbecauseofhisuraniumresearch.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，爱因斯坦害怕希特勒会有原子弹，所以写信建议罗斯福让人研究铀。后来，原子弹被扔在日本。CMarthaGraham,bornin1894,wasoneofthemostfamousdancersandcreatorsofdance,whoseinfluenceondancehasbeencomparedwithth