2019-2020学年新教材高中英语 Unit 4 Friends forever Part Ⅱ U

1PartⅡUsinglanguage——定语从句(1)【思维导图】Ⅰ.基本特征感悟【感悟用法】Policewho/thatraided(突然搜查)theLondonshopcamefromthewildlifeCrimeUnit.Thisisaspecialgroupwhosejobistofindproductswhich/thataremadefromprotectedanimalspeciesandwhich/thataresoldillegallyinLondon.【自我总结】上文中黑体部分引导的是定语从句，它们均为关系代词。Ⅱ.主要用法精讲一、定语从句的定义与分类在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。中国的首都北京是一座非常美丽的城市。二、关系代词的用法1.who的用法who指人，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。2Thereisagirlwhowantstoseeyou.有个女孩儿想见你。2.whom的用法whom指人，在从句中作宾语，此时也可用who代替。Theoldmanwho/whomyousawyesterdayisathinker.你昨天见到的那位老人是位思想家。3.whose的用法whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。它可以转化为“the＋名词＋ofwhich/whom”和“ofwhich/whom＋the＋名词”的形式。Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.→Thisisthescientistthenameofwhom/ofwhomthenameisknownalloverthecountry.这就是那位全国知名的科学家。Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.→Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhich/ofwhichthecoverisgreen.请递给我那本绿色封面的书。4.that和which的用法区别(1)which指物，that既可指人也可指物；它们在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，which和that在从句中作宾语时可以省略。Pleasefindaroomwhich/thatisbigenoughforallofustolivein.请找一间足够住下我们所有人的房间。Thisisthehouse(which/that)weboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。Thisisthethief(that)wehavebeenlookingforthesedays.这就是我们近日来一直在找的小偷。(2)在限制性定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用that而不用which的情况：①当先行词是all，little，few，none，anything，something,everything,nothing等不定代词时。Canyougivemeanythingthathasnosugarinside?能不能给我点儿里面没有糖的东西？②当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。3Thisisthefirsttwo-storeybusthatrunsinourcity.这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。GuilinisthemostbeautifulcitythatIhaveevervisited.桂林是我游览过的最美丽的城市。③当先行词被theonly,thevery,theright等修饰时。Thisistheveryscarfthatmotherhasbeenlookingfor.这就是妈妈一直在找的那条围巾。④当先行词既有人又有物时。CanyoutellmethepeopleandeventsthatyousawinBritain?你能告诉我你在英国见到的人和事吗？什么是定语？定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。什么是关系词？引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词有三大作用：代指先行词；引导定语从句；在从句中作句子成分。即学即练1(1)用适当的关系代词填空①Theboywho/thatbrokethewindowiscalledTom.②Thisisthebuildingwhosewindowswereallpaintedgreen.③Theauthorwhom/who/thatyoucriticizedinyourreviewhaswrittenareply.(2)用定语从句合并句子④LastweekMaryworethedress.Igaveittoher.→LastweekMaryworethedressthat/whichIgavetoher.⑤I’dliketotakecareofthechild.Hermotherdiedrecently.→I’dliketotakecareofthechildwhosemotherdiedrecently.⑥Thewomanismymother.Youarelookingafterher.→Thewomanthat/who/whomyouarelookingafterismymother.4即学即练2用适当的关系代词填空①Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.②ThemostinterestingbookthatIwanttoreadisHowl’smovingcastle.③Themostimportantthingthatweshouldconsideristhefirstideathathehasmentionedinhisspeech.④Womenwho/thatdrinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthosewhodon’t.⑤Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarmthat/whichwevisitedthreemonthsago？Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.WhenthegirlstudiedinEngland,shelivedwithahostfamilywhosemembersalwayshelpedher.2.Iwasamazedatthenumberofpeoplewho/thatvisitedtheForbiddenCityonSaturday.3.Themanistalkingabouttheteachersandthingsthatencouragedhimgreatlyinschool.4.TheInternationalRedCrossisanorganizationwhosepurposeistohelpthesickandtheneedy.5.Themanwho/thatistalkingwithmyfatherisapoliceman.6.Theprofessorwho/that/whomyouwishtoseehasgoneabroad.7.Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?8.Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhich/thatsellbest.9.Pleasesendusalltheinformationthatyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.10.Theboyswho/thatareplayingfootballareallonourschoolteam.Ⅱ.补全句子1.Thehousewhose__roof__was__damagedinthebigfirebelongstomygrandparents.那座屋顶在大火中被毁坏了的房子是我祖父母的。52.Oncewewerediscussinghowtohelpthestudentwho__was__seriously__ill__in__hospital.曾经我们正讨论如何帮助那个重病住院的学生。3.Inseniorhighschoolyouwillstudymorecourseswhich/that__are__different__fromyourjuniormiddleschoolcourses.在高中你将学习更多不同于初中的课程。4.Youcanalsoshareyourunhappythingswithsomebodythat__you__trustandlistentotheirsuggestions.你也可以与你信任的人分享你不愉快的事情并且倾听他们的建议。5.Thisisthefirstbookthat__he__has__read.这是他读的第一本书。Ⅲ.语法填空Thisafternoonaman1.________(dress)inragscameintotheshop.Weallstaredathim2.________(doubt)whenhesaidhewantedanewcoat.Itookhimdownstairsandshowedhimacheapcoat3.________wouldcosthimonly4.________smallamountofmoney.Ithoughthemightbeabitupsetabouttheprice,but5.________thecontraryhedidnotseemtocareaboutitatall.Ididn’tmeantoberudebutIhaveno6.________(patient)withcustomerswhocan’tdecide.SoIpersuadedhimtobuyit.Thenthemost7.________(believe)thinghappenedtome—hehandedmeamillionpoundbanknote.Ididn’tknowwhetheritwasgenuineornot,soI8.________(seek)outmybosstoaskhisadvice.HetoldmethatIhadindeedmadeaseriousmistakeby9.________(judge)thismanbyhisclothes.Mybosslookedveryangryandtoldmetofindthe10.________(good)coatforthemanimmediately.Ihaveneverseenhimsokindtoanybodyelselikethatbefore.Asforme,Ifeltterriblefortherestoftheday!【语篇解读】本文讲述了一个衣衫褴褛的百万富翁到“我”工作的商店买大衣，“我”因为他的外表给了他一件不值钱的大衣，结果这个人掏出了一张百万英镑的支票，“我”在老板的批评下不再以貌取人，立刻帮他选了一件最好的大衣。1.dressed[bedressedin穿着，此处为过去分词短语作后置定语。]2.doubtfully[修饰动词短语staredat应用副词形式。]63.which/that[先行词为coat，限制性定语从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which或that。]4.a[asmallamountof少量。]5.on[onthecontrary正相反。]6.patience[动词have后跟名词作宾语。]7.unbelievable[句意：最令人难以置信的事情发生在我身上了。修饰名词thing应用形容词形式。]8