2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 21 Human Biology Section Ⅰ Re

1Unit21HumanBiology众所周知，疾病总是困扰我们的健康，有些秘诀可以帮助我们保持健康。FourSecretsToNeverGettingSickEverwonderwhyyoualwaysseemtocomedownwithalifeinterruptingvirusthistimeofyear，whileotherwomenyouknowsailthroughtheseasonssniffle­free，cough­free，andache­free?Followthesesimplestepstoboostyourvirusprotection：MakeFriendsWithFreshAirNotonlydoesescapingintothefreshairgiveyouabreakfromallthosegermscirculatinginside，butgoingforastrollcanactuallyboostyourimmunity.RelaxationFightsOffColdsBeingstressedwillincreaseyoursusceptibilitytocatchingacold.Thatmaybebecause，overthelongterm，itleadstotheongoingreleaseofstresshormones(荷尔蒙)，suchasglucocorticoids(糖皮质激素)．CleanHandsAreEverythingColdandflucanspreadalltooeasilythroughtouch.Keepyourfingersawayfromyoureyes，nose，andmouthasmuchaspossible，andmakesuretomastertheartofhandwashing.Soapandwaterremainyourmosteffectivetoolsthere.EnoughSleepIsTheMagicBulletAnoccasionalrestlessnightisnothingtoworryabout，butacontinuouslackofsleepcanhamperyourimmune(免疫)system'sabilitytofunction.Anythingshortofsevenhoursnearlytriplesyouroddsofcatchingacold.[阅读障碍词]1．boostvt.促进；使增加2．strolln.漫步；闲逛3．susceptibilityn.敏感性；易感性24．hampervt.妨碍；阻止5．triplevt.(使某物)增至三倍[诱思导读]1．Whydoweoftenwashourhandsinordernottocatchacold?Becausecoldandflucanspreadeasilythroughtouchandweoftentouchsomethingwithourhands.2．Howcancoldandfluspread?Bytouch.SectionⅠReading(Ⅰ)(Warm­up&Lesson1)Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思()1.pumpA．adj.强制性的，义务的()2.digestB．adj.每年的，一年一次的，年度的()3.swapC．vt.寻找()4.abuseD．adj.有争议的()5.fundamentalE．vi.用泵抽出(注入)()6.seekF．vt.消化()7.annualG．vi.交换()8.lameH．adj.根本的；基础的()9.compulsoryI．adj.站不住脚的，不易令人相信的()10.controversialJ．vt.滥用[答案]1－5EFGJH6－10CBIADⅡ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思A.默不作声地B.气喘吁吁C.或多或少D.导致E.随意地F.偶然遇到()1.Isuspectthatheismoreorlessinvolvedintheaffair.()2.Thishascontributedtothelackofconfidenceinthepolice.()3.Icameacrossoneofmyoldclassmateslastnight.()4.BythetimeIgottothetopofthehill,Iwasquiteoutofbreath.()5.Wereceivedseveralanswers,andwepickedoneatrandom.()6.Thosepresentjustlookedateachotherinsilence.[答案]1－6CDFBEA3100metresin8seconds?Manycontemporaryamateur(业余的)athleteswouldhavebrokenworldrecordsiftheyhadtakenpartinthefirstOlympicGames.①Sincethen,recordshavefallenintrackandfieldyearafteryearasathleticperformanceshavecontinuallyimproved.Ifrecordsfall,itisusuallyduetobetterequipment,traininganddiet,butrecently,improvementshavebeguntoslowdown.Atthe2000Olympics,onlythreerunnersachievedOlympicbestswithnoworldrecords.Someexpertspredictaceilingformanyevents,suchas9.5secondsforthe100metres—MauriceGreene'scurrentrecordis9.79seconds.However,pastpredictionshavenearlyalwaysbeenprovedwrong.Whenwetalkaboutbreakingrecords,wecomeacrosstheissue(问题)ofperformance­enhancing(增强表现的)drugs.Thesedrugsareoriginallydevelopedtohelppeoplewithillnesses,butinthewronghands②，theycreatesupreme(极度的)athletesmakingthemfasterandstrongerthanisnormalforhumanbeings.Takingthesedrugsisknownas“doping”(服兴奋剂)andalthoughtheyenhanceperformance,theyalsocauseserioushealthproblemsinlaterlifeforthosewhoabusethem.③百米记录8秒？假如许多当代的业余选手参加了第一届奥运会的话，他们有可能打破世界纪录。从此，由于运动员成绩不断提高，田径项目的记录日益下跌。假设记录下跌，通常是由于设施，训练及饮食得以改善了。但是近来，提高的速度开始缓慢下来。2000年奥运会，只有三名百米跑运动员获奥运会最佳称号，然而他们却都没有破世界纪录。有些专家为许多项目成绩的上限做出了预测，如：百米记录9.5秒——格林·莫里斯当前记录仅9.79秒。然而，过去的预测往往总被证实是错误的。当我们谈到打破纪录时，我们就会想到提高成绩的药物问题。研制这些药物原本用来帮助人们解除病痛的，但误用到运动员身上，就会使他们在竞技比赛中超乎寻常地发挥，变得比正常人更快、更强。众所周知，服用这些药物就是服用“兴奋剂”，尽管兴奋剂有助于提高成绩，但同时也会给那些滥用兴奋剂的运动员招来日后生活中的健康问题。[助读讲解]①本句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。②inthewronghand错误地。③句中takingthesedrugs是动名词短语作主语；although引导让步状语从句；who引导4定语从句修饰those。Thesportsworlddoesnottolerate(容忍)dopingasitisafundamentalformofcheating.BenJohnsonwouldstillbethe100metresworldrecordholderifhehadnotbeencaughttakingdrugsinthe1988Olympics.④Otherrecordsremaindoubtful,likeFlorenceGriffith's100metresrecordbackin1988.Didshetakedrugs?IfAmericanathleteMarionJoneshadn'ttakendrugs,wouldshehavemadeittotheOlympicsatall?Dopingisnotonlyaprobleminathletics,itispartofeverysportwhereathletesseektoachievebeyondtheirnaturallimitsandarepreparedtocheattodoso⑤.In2006cyclingfansworldwidewereshockedwhenthewinneroftheannualcyclingrace,theTourdeFrance,wascaughtdoping.FloydLandismadeseverallameexcusesblamingmedicinehehadbeentakingforaninjury⑥butthesewereallinvain.Hefailedtwodrugtests.由于它是基本的欺骗方式，体育界是不会容许运动员服用兴奋剂的。本·约翰逊如果在1988年奥运会上没有被查出服用兴奋剂的话，今天他还可能是百米世界纪录的保持者。其他一些短跑纪录至今依然让人感到怀疑。比如，美国短跑名将弗洛伦斯·格里菲斯1988年的短跑纪录。她服用兴奋剂了吗？如果美国运动员玛丽昂·琼斯没有服用兴奋剂的话，她能成功地进军奥运会吗？服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动的问题，也是有运动员想寻求取得超常体育成绩而准备欺骗的任何一项体育项目的问题。当2006年环法自行车赛的冠军美国名将弗洛伊德·兰蒂斯被查出服用了兴奋剂时，举世哗然。弗洛伊德·兰蒂斯做了几次站不住脚的辩解，责怪他因伤服用的药物，但是这些都是徒劳的。他的两次兴奋剂检测结果都呈阳性。[助读讲解]④本句是一个混合虚拟句，主句表示与现在事实相反，从句表示与过去事实相反。⑤where引导定语从句，修饰everysport，相当于inwhich。⑥blamingmedicine...是现在分词短语作定语，修饰excuses。Unfortunately,itisnoteasytocatchathletesusing⑦illegaldrugs.Itiscompulsoryforwinnerstobetested⑧butotherparticipantsareonlytestedatrandom.Newdrugsaredevelopedallthetimeanddrugtestsforsportingeventsareoftenonestepbehind.However,dopingisnottheonlythingweneedtoworryabout.Unlesswearecareful，“gene­therapy(基因疗法)”willbethenextbigthreat.Formedicalpurposes,scientistshavealreadyfoundwaystobuildmuscleandincreasestrengthbychangin