2019-2020学年高中英语 Module 1 Basketball Section Ⅲ Gram

-1-SectionⅢGrammar——构词法语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟①Herexpressionchangedwhensheheardthenews.②Olderpeoplesometimesfindithardtoacceptchanges.③ThisinformationbegantoraisequestionsinhermindaboutJack'sinnocence.④Idon'tthinkit'sfairtoquestionhismotivesjustbecausehedisagreeswithyou.⑤Whenyougothroughaforest，youareindanger.That'sbecausetherearelotsofdangerousanimalsinit.1.句①中的change用作动词，在句②中用作名词。2.句③中的question用作名词，在句④中用作动词。3.名词＋后缀­ous构成形容词，表示“……的”。一、词的转化1．概念：由一种词类转化为另一种词类，称为词的转化。2．常见的词类转化形式：(1)名词转化为动词bookn．书→v.预订；预约dustn．灰尘，尘埃→v.打扫filmn．电影；影片→v.拍电影；拍摄fishn．鱼→v.钓鱼mailn．邮件→v.邮寄；发送seatn．座位→v.使就座，容纳shipn．船→v.用船运送；遣送shouldern．肩膀→v.负责任，肩负，承担trainn．火车→v.训练，培养watern．水→v.浇水Weshouldshouldertheseresponsibilities.-2-我们应当担负起这些责任。(2)动词转化为名词dressv．(给……)穿衣服→n.连衣裙dreamv．做梦→n.梦lookv．看；寻找→n.看；神色lovev．爱，喜欢→n.爱；爱人plantv．种植→n.植物；工厂smellv．闻到→n.气味studyv．学习；研究→n.学习；研究；书房betv．下赌注→n.打赌；赌注swimv．游泳→n.游泳tryv．尝试→n.尝试kickv．踢→n.踢；踢脚workv．工作→n.工作Inthebeginning，Johndidgoodworkatschool.开始时约翰在学校的成绩不错。[名师点津]由动词转化而来的名词常与give，have，make，take等动词搭配来表示一个动作。giveakick踢haveaswim游泳makeabet打赌(3)形容词转化为动词dirtyadj.脏的→v.(使)变脏dryadj.干燥的→v.擦干，(使)变干emptyadj.空的→v.倒空freeadj.自由的→v.释放narrowadj.狭窄的→v.(使)变窄slowadj.缓慢的→v.(使)减速quietadj.安静的→vt.使平静；使安心Theroomgraduallyquieteddown.屋里慢慢静了下来。(4)形容词转化为名词chemicaladj.化学的→n.化学制品，化学药品dailyadj.每天的→n.日报-3-finaladj.最后的→n.决赛nativeadj.当地的→n.当地人quietadj.安静的→n.宁静；平静totaladj.总的→n.总数rightadj.正确的→n.正确wrongadj.错误的→n.错误，坏事Hedidn'tknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.他不辨是非对错。(5)其他词类转化情况outadv.往外，向外→n.托词；出路southn．南方→adv.向南，朝南upadv.在上面→n.增长upstairsn．楼上→adv.在楼上Comedowntous，wecan'thearyouupstairs.下来到我们这儿来，你在楼上我们听不清楚。[即时演练1]写出下列黑体单词的词性和词义①Heknewtheanswertothequestion.n.答案②Thehallcanseattwothousandpeople.v.容纳③Thosewhodowrongshouldbepunished.n.坏事④Washanddryyourhandsbeforeyoueatmeal.v.擦干二、词的派生1．概念：由一个词根加上前缀或后缀，构成另一个单词的方法叫派生法。2．常用前缀(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有：dis­，il­，im­，in­，ir­，mis­，non­，un­等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。appear出现→disappear消失correct正确的→incorrect不正确的lead带领→mislead引入歧途stop停下→non­stop不停(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：a­(多构成表语形容词)，anti­(反对；抵抗)，auto­(自动)，co­(共同)，en­(使)，inter­(互相)，re­(再；又)，sub­(下面的；次；小)，tele­(强调距离)等。alone单独的antigas防毒气的Internet互联网subway地铁telephone电话auto­chart自动图表enjoy使高兴reuse再使用，重复使用cooperate合作-4-[即时演练2]根据汉语提示，运用所学前缀知识写出正确的单词①agree→disagree(不同意)②ability→inability(无能；无力)③understand→misunderstand(误解；误会)④profit→non­profit(非营利的)⑤social→antisocial(反社会的)⑥depend→interdependent(相互依赖的)⑦set→reset(调整；重新设置)⑧danger→endanger(使遭危险)3．常用后缀(1)名词后缀形式意义举例­age表状态、性质shortage(缺乏)­ance/­ence指行为、状态performance(演出，表演)­dom指性质、状态freedom(自由)­ee表某物的承受者employee(雇员)，trainee(实习生)­er/­or指人的身份worker(工人)，bachelor(单身汉)­ess指人的身份hostess(女主人)­ese表示国籍Chinese(中国人)­hood表身份、性质neighborhood(邻里)，manhood(男子气概)­ian指人的身份musician(音乐家)­ion/­tion表情况、状态fashion(时髦)，tradition(传统)­ist从事……的人dentist(牙科医生)­ment指行为、状态amusement(娱乐)­ness表状态、性质kindness(仁慈)­ship表状态、技能hardship(苦难)，workmanship(工艺)[即时演练3]用所给词的适当形式填空①Theladyisoneofthegreatestnovelists(novel)alive.②Thegovernor(govern)washavingameetingwithUSofficialswhenhewasshot.③It'sdifficulttotellthedifference(differ)betweenthetwowords.④Shehopedthathersonwouldbecomeamusician(music)．⑤Theteacherwaspleasedwithherhonesty(honest)．(2)形容词后缀-5-形式意义举例­al具有……性质的personal(个人的)，regional(地区的)­en有……性质的golden(金色的)，woolen(毛的)­ful充满……的helpful(有帮助的)，fearful(可怕的)­able/­ible可……的readable(可读的)，accessible(可接近的)­ive有……作用的productive(生产的)，active(积极主动的)­ly像某种举止/性格/外貌般的friendly(友好的)，orderly(整齐的)­ous充满……的dangerous(危险的)，famous(著名的)­some引起/产生……的troublesome(令人烦恼的)，tiresome(令人讨厌的)(3)动词后缀­en(使成为、变得)，­fy(使得、变成)，­is(z)e(成为、使)wide→widen加宽，beauty→beautify美化，real→realize意识到，organ→organize组织(4)副词后缀­ly(以……方式)，­wards(向……方向)direct→directly直接地，on→onwards向前Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Iftheyarenursed(nurse)properly，therareplantswillflowerinearlyspring.2．Hefooled(fool)alotofpeopleintobelievingthathewasanhoneststatesman.3．I'mtiredout.Ihavebeenshopping(shop)allafternoonandIdon'tseemtohavefinishedanything.4．Cyclingishighlybeneficial(benefit)topeople'shealthandtheenvironment.5．LilyseemstoknowalotaboutHongKong，butactually(actual)shehasneverbeenthere.6．Kateisa(n)gifted(gift)singer.Shewonseveralawardsatanearlyage.7．Today，freshfruitfromthesetreesisshipped(ship)fromonecountrytoanother.8．Inthenextyearofyourseniorhighschoollife，youwillface(face)moreandmorechallenges.9．Inspiteofrepeatedwrongsdonetohim，helooksfriendly(friend)topeoplegreetinghim.10．Thegovernmentshouldtakeeffective(effect)measurestostopwaterfrombeing-6-polluted.Ⅱ.单句改错(每句仅有1处错误)1．Thisgirlisveryhard­working，sosheishopefullytoenterthecollegeinthefuture.hopefully→hopeful2．Itisverydangerforchildrentoplaywithfire.danger→dangerous3．BillGatesisneverafraidofdifficult.difficult→difficulties/difficulty4．Whataboutthissweater?It'swool.wool→woolen5．Tomisacarefulboy.Heoftenmakesmistakesinhishomework.careful→careless6．Wearerecordthegameinwhichhesetanewrecord.第一个record→recording7．Havingbeenstarredinmanyfilms，thestarisknowntomanyofus.删除been8．SheoftenmistakemeasmytwinbrotherbutIdon'tcarehermistakes.mistake→mistakes9．You'dbetterkeepabalancedbetweenworkandrelaxation.balanced→balance10．Everyonewasveryfriendtowardsme.friend→fr