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1SectionⅢGrammar—复习动词形式(Ⅲ)语法图解探究发现①Thelightmovedandasurprisedfacelookedout.②Themanaskedustofollowhimonourraftandweallwentbacktothesteamboat.③Laterhebecameajournalistandbeganwritingstoriesaboutlifeontheriver.④Weclimbedquietlyinandaswepaddledawayweheardthetwomenshouting.⑤ButIpersuadedhimtohelpme,andwefoundthemen'sboattiedtotheothersideofthesteamboat.⑥Thereweretwomenstandingoverhim.⑦Idon'twanttoboardasinkingship.⑧Whenheheardthat,thefrightenedmanonthefloorstartedcrying.⑨Itlooksasifit'llgoundersoon.⑩AlthoughIwasfrightened,Ialsofeltcurious.⑪Shekeptsilent.⑫Edisonfinallybecameagreatinventor.[我的发现](1)①~⑧句中的黑体部分分别在句中作什么成分?①⑥⑦作定语;②④⑤作宾补;③⑧作宾语。(2)⑫句中的系动词为became,表语是名词;○10句中有两个系动词;⑩⑪句中的表语都是形容词;⑨句中的系动词为looks,表语是as_if引导的从句。本模块重点复习不定式作宾语和宾语补足语的用法、动词ing形式作宾语和宾语补足语的用法、动词ed形式和动词ing形式作定语和表语的用法以及连系动词的用法。一、不定式作宾语和宾语补足语的用法21.不定式作宾语(1)常见的只能用不定式作宾语的动词有want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,warn,request等。ShepretendednottoseemewhenIcamein.当我进来时,她假装没有看见我。[名师点津]如果作宾语的不定式还带有自己的补足语,通常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语(不定式)置于宾语补足语之后。常见的词有find,feel,make,consider等。IfounditinterestingtostudyEnglish.我发现学英语很有趣。(2)不定式作介词but和except(除了)的宾语。如果but或except前有实义动词do的某种形式时,不定式要省略to,反之不省。另外,“疑问词+不定式”常作介词的宾语。Ihavenothingtodobutsithere.除了坐在这里我无事可做。Hehasnochoicebuttostayhere.他除了待在这里,别无选择。[即时演练1]完成句子①Whatdoyouplan_to_doduringtheholidays?你打算在假期里做什么?②Hepromised_to_turn_overanewleafandstudyharder.他保证重新开始,更加努力地学习。③Theyhavedecided_to_gototheseasidefortheirholidays.他们决定去海边度假。2.不定式作宾语补足语(1)后跟不定式作宾语补足语的常见动词有:force,beg,allow,wish,intend,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,permit,warn等。变为被动语态后,宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。Myparentsdidn'tallowmetosmoke.我父母不允许我吸烟。Peter,myEnglishteacher,alwaysencouragesustostudyhard.我的英语老师彼得总是鼓励我们要努力学习。(2)下列动词(短语)后的宾语补足语的不定式常省略“to”,请牢记下面的口诀:吾(五)看三室(使)一厅(听)see,lookat,notice,watch,observe;let,have,make;hearIoftenhearhimsingthatsong.3我经常听到他唱那首歌。Isawhimplayinthepark.我看见他在公园里玩。[名师点津]这种句子变成被动语态时,省掉的动词不定式符号“to”需要还原。Heisoftenheardtosingthatsong.人们经常听到他唱那首歌。(3)后跟“tobe+形容词”作宾语补足语的常见动词有:find,think,consider,expect,believe,suppose,know,understand等。Ineverexpectedhimtobesodetermined.我从没料到他是如此坚决。[即时演练2]用所给词的适当形式填空①Trytopersuadehimto_come(come).②Thedoctoradvisedmeto_take(take)moreexercise.③Hisjokemadeuslaugh(laugh)ourheadsoff.④Someonewasheardto_come(come)upthestairs.⑤Letthoseinneedunderstand(understand)thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.二、动词ing形式作宾语和宾语补足语的用法1.动词ing形式作宾语跟v.ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)有enjoy,admit,avoid,escape,consider(考虑),delay,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,advise,suggest,dislike,mind,miss,practise,risk,appreciate等。IenjoywatchingTV.Whataboutyou?我喜欢看电视。你呢?2.动词ing形式作宾语与动词不定式作宾语(1)有些动词的宾语既可以是不定式也可以是动词ing形式,动词接这两种形式的宾语意义差别很大。forgettodosth.忘记要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事remembertodosth.记得要做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事trytodosth.努力做某事trydoingsth.尝试做某事4—Youshouldsaysorrytoyourbrother.—No,Idon'tregretquarrellingwithhim.——你应该向你的兄弟道歉。——不,我不后悔与他吵架。Iregrettotellyouthatyouhavebeendismissed.我很遗憾地告诉你你被开除了。(2)require,want,need表示“需要”时,后接动词ing形式的主动形式和不定式的被动式作宾语时,所表达的意义一样。Themachineneedsrepairing/toberepaired.这机器需要修理了。[即时演练3]用所给词的适当形式填空①Heisconsideringbuying(buy)anewhouse.②Youngpeoplemayriskgoing(go)deafiftheyareexposedtoveryloudmusiceveryday.③Imeantto_go(go),butmyfatherdidn'tallowmeto.④Rememberto_tell(tell)himthenewswhenhecomesback.⑤Irememberreturning(return)thebooktothelibrarylastweek.2.动词ing形式作宾语补足语后跟动词ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词:see,hear,notice,watch,keep,find,feel,get,have,leave等。Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.他让车在门口等着。Ithinkithardtogettheoldmantalking.我认为让这个老人开口说话很难。[名师点津]感官动词(词组)see,watch,observe,lookat,notice,hear,listento,feel的宾语补足语有四种形式,以hear为例:hear+宾语+doing.....听见……正做……........do..听见……做了……........................beingdone.........听见……正在被做........done....听见……被做......................Iheardagirlsingingupstairs.5我听到一个女孩正在楼上唱歌。(表示一个主动、正在进行的动作)Iheardagirlsingupstairs.我听到一个女孩在楼上唱歌。(强调唱歌的事实)Iheardthesongbeingsung.我听到有人正在唱这首歌。(表示一个被动、正在进行的动作)Iheardthesongsung.我听到有人唱过这首歌。(表示一个被动、完成的动作)[即时演练4]翻译句子①昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调看见了他干活这一事实)I_saw_him_work_in_the_garden_yesterday.②昨天我看见他正在花园里干活。(强调看见他正在干活这一动作)I_saw_him_working_in_the_garden_yesterday.③我在超市购物时看到一位女士的包被抢了。(强调被动)I_saw_a_woman_robbed_of_her_bag_when_I_went_shopping_in_the_supermarket.三、动词ing形式和动词ed形式作定语的用法1.动词ing形式作定语与被修饰词之间是主动或进行关系;动词ed形式作定语与被修饰词之间是被动或完成关系。Look!Theyounggirlchattingwithourteacherismysister.看!那个和我们老师聊天的年轻女孩是我姐姐。Thisisthemoneycollectedfortheproject.这是为这个项目募集到的钱。2.某些具有使动意义的动词ed形式表示心理感受或心理状态,常被译作“感到……的”,常修饰人或表示人的声音、嗓音或表情等。而其ing形式常表示事物的性质特征,常译作“令人感到……的,令人……的”,常修饰物。excitedchildren兴奋的孩子们excitingstories令人兴奋的故事afrightenedlook一个害怕的表情afrighteninglook一个令人害怕的表情[即时演练5](1)用所给词的适当形式填空①Tomhadanunusualandinteresting(interest)life.②Thefrightened(frighten)childrenwerecallingfortheirmothers.③Therewasasurprisedlookonhisfacewhenhesawthesurprisingscene.(surprise)6(2)单句改错①Theboyreadabookbytheriverisveryexcellent.read→reading②Sheisateacherlovingbyallthestudents.loving→loved③Youcannotacceptanopinionofferingtoyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.offering→offered四、动词ing
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