2020版高考英语大一轮复习 课时达标32 Unit 2 Robots（含解析）新人教版选修7

1课时达标(三十二)Unit2Robots建议时间/35分钟(见学用课时P75)Ⅰ阅读理解A课标话题人与社会·科技发展与信息技术创新体裁说明文词数263难度Traditionally,robotshavebeenhard,madeofmetalandotherrigidmaterial.ButateamofscientistsatHarvardUniversityintheUShasmanagedtobuildanentirelysoftrobot—onethatdrawsinspirationfromanoctopus(章鱼)．DescribedinsciencejournalNature,the“Octobot”couldpavethewayformoreeffectiveautonomousrobotsthatcouldbeusedinsearch，rescueandexploration.“TheOctobotisaminimalsystemwhichmayserveasafoundationforanewgenerationofcompletelysoft,autonomousrobots，”thestudy'sauthorswrote.Robotsbuiltforprecise,repetitivemovementsinacontrolledenvironmentdon'tdosowellonroughterrains(地形)orinunpredictableconditions.Andtheyaren'tespeciallysafearoundhumans,becausethey'remadeoutofhardandheavypartsthatcouldbepotentiallydangeroustotheirusers.Soresearchershavebeenworkingonbuildingsoftrobotsfordecades.They'vetakeninspirationfromnature,lookingtoanimalsfromjellyfishtocockroaches,whichareoftenmadeupofmoreflexiblematter.Butcreatingacompletelysoftrobotremainsachallenge.Evenifengineersbuildasilicone(硅酮)body,it'sstillagrandchallengetoconstructflexibleversionsofessentialparts,suchasasourceofpower.“Althoughsoftroboticsisstillinitsearlystage,itholdsgreatpromiseforseveralapplications,suchassearch­and­rescueoperationsandexploration，”BarbaraMazzolaiandVirgilioMattolioftheItalianInstituteofTechnology'sCenterforMicro­BioRobotics,wroteinacomment.“Softrobotsmightalsoopenup2newapproachestoimprovingwellnessandqualityoflife.”语篇导读科学家受到章鱼的启发，制造了软体机器人，本文介绍了这种机器人的研发过程、用处及局限等。1．What'sthespecialfeatureof“Octobot”？A．It'ssoft.B．It'smadeofmetal.C．It'sverysmall.D．Itlookslikeanoctopus.解析A细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，“Octobot”是一种可以用作软体机器人基础部件的微型系统，据此可知，“Octobot”的特点是柔软，故选A项。2．What'sthedisadvantageoftraditionalrobots?A．They'rehardtocontrol.B．They'retooheavytomove.C．Theycan'tpredictconditions.D．Theycan'tbehavewellallthetime.解析D推理判断题。根据第三段可知，传统机器人无法在崎岖的地形上很好地运行，它们还可能对人造成伤害；据此可推知，传统机器人并非总是运行良好，故选D项。3．OneofthebiggestchallengesistobuildOctobot's________.A．siliconebodyB．complexcomponentsC．precisemovementsD．flexiblepowersource解析D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，制造柔韧性强的关键部件仍然面临巨大的挑战，如提供动力的部件，故选D项。4．What'sthepossibleapplicationof“Octobot”？A．Medicalresearch.B．Liferescue.C．Machineoperation.D．Housecleaning.解析B细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，尽管软体机器人开发还处于早期阶段，但它极可能应用于诸如搜索救援和探险等活动，故选B项。B课标话题人与社会·科技发展与信息技术创新体裁说明文词数331难度You'llprobablynevergotoMarsorsingonthestagewiththeRollingStones.Butifvirtualreality(VR)everlivesuptoitspromise,youmightbeabletodoallthesethings—andmanymore—withoutevenleavingyourhome.Unlikerealreality,virtualrealitymeanssimulating(模仿)bitsofourworld.Apartfromgamesandentertainment,it'slongbeenusedfortrainingairlinepilotsandsurgeonsandfor3helpingscientiststofigureoutcomplexproblemssuchasthestructureofproteinmolecules(分子).Thenhowdoesitwork?Closeyoureyesandthinkofvirtualrealityandyouprobablypicturesomethinglikethis:amanwearingawrap­aroundheadset(耳机)anddatagloves,wiredintoapowerfulworkstationorsupercomputer.WhatdistinguishesVRfromanordinarycomputerexperienceisthenatureoftheinputandoutput.Whereanordinarycomputerusesthingslikeakeyboard,mouse,orspeechrecognitionforinput,VRusessensorsthatdetecthowyourbodyismoving.AndwhereaPCdisplaysoutputonascreen,VRusestwoscreens(oneforeacheye),surround­soundspeakers,andmaybesomeformsoftouchandbodyfeedbackaswell.VRhasbeenroutinelyusedbyscientists,doctors,dentists,engineers,architects,archaeologists,andthemilitaryforaboutthelast30years.Difficultanddangerousjobsarehardtotrainfor.Howcanyousafelypracticetakingatriptospace,makingaparachutejump,orcarryingoutbrainsurgery?Allthesethingsareobviouscandidatesforvirtualrealityapplications.Likeanytechnology,virtualrealityhasbothgoodandbadpoints.Criticsalwaysraisetheriskthatpeoplemaybeaddictedtoalternativerealitiestothepointofignoringtheirreal­worldlives—butthatcriticismhasbeenleveledateverythingfromradioandTVtocomputergamesandtheInternet.Likemanytechnologies,VRtakeslittleornothingawayfromtherealworld:youdon'thavetouseitifyoudon'twantto.语篇导读本文主要介绍了虚拟现实技术(VR)的相关信息以及人们对这一技术的看法。5．Whatequipmentdoweprobablyneedforvirtualreality?A．Akeyboard,aheadsetandasupercomputer.B．Aheadset,dataglovesandasupercomputer.C．Aheadset,dataglovesandaspeechrecognition.D．Akeyboard,amouseandaspeechrecognition.解析B细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，虚拟现实需要耳机、数据手套，以及强大的工作站或超级计算机，故选B项。6．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?4A．Theadvantagesofvirtualreality.B．Theinfluencesofvirtualreality.C．Theimportanceofvirtualreality.D．Theapplicationsofvirtualreality.解析D主旨大意题。第三段第一句讲到当前应用VR的领域，后面讲到VR在将来可能应用的领域，由此可知，第三段主要讲VR的应用，故选D项。7．Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardsVR?A．Cautious.B．Appreciative.C．Doubtful.D．Uninterested.解析B观点态度题。根据文章最后一句可知，作者对于批评者的观点进行了反击，由此推断出，作者对虚拟现实技术的态度倾向于认同，故选B项。8．Accordingtothepassage,virtualrealitymeans________.A．experiencingthingsthatdon'treallyexistB．creatingsomethingthatdoesn'texistC．imaginingbeautifulthingsinourmindD．cloningsomethingthathasdiedout解析A推理判断题。根据第一段可知，我们不需要离开家就可以去火星，因为虚拟现实技术可以模仿现实世界让你去体验，故选A项。Ⅱ七选五课标话题人与自我·认识自我体裁说明文词数196难度(2019·正定中学模考)Mourningthelossofyourfullheadofhair?Wehavesomegoodnewsforyou!__1__Accordingtoanewresearch,peoplete