2019-2020学年高中英语 Module 4 Carnival Section Ⅱ Gramma

-1-SectionⅡGrammar——被动语态课前自主预[例句·体验]1．SomeprepositionsareomittedinAmericanEnglish.在美式英语中，一些介词被省略了。2．Sofar,themoonhasbeenvisitedbymanalready.到目前为止，月球已被人类到访过了。3．AtalkonChinesehistorywillbegivenintheschoolhallnextweek.下周，一场关于中国历史的讲座将在学校礼堂举行。4．Alotofthingsarebeingdonebythedoctorstosavethelittlegirlnow.现在医生们在用尽一切方法救治那个小女孩。5．Themonkeywasseentojumpoffthetreejustnow.刚才那只猴子被看到从树上跳了下来。6．Howmanytreeshadbeenplantedbytheendoflastyear?到去年年底，已经种了多少棵树？7．Anicepicturewasbeingdrawnforourteacheratthistimeyesterday.昨天这个时候，正在为我们老师画一幅漂亮的画。8．Wasthecitybuiltin1880?这座城市被建于1880年吗？9．Willthefoodbesenttothehomelesstomorrow?明天这些食物会被送给无家可归者吗？10．Hasthegirlbeenallowedtogooutaloneatnightyet?那个女孩已被允许晚上独自外出了吗？课堂合作探究[语法·讲座]-2-一、被动语态概述构成助动词be＋动词的过去分词(be动词有人称、数和时态的变化)用法(1)不知道动作的执行者或者没必要、不愿意或不便说出动作的执行者时(2)强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身时①Hisbicyclewasstolenyesterday.他的自行车昨天被人偷了。②Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.我们每天都打扫教室。③Somebabiesarebeinglookedafterbymymother.一些婴儿正由我母亲照顾。名师点津在被动语态中，经常带有“by＋动作执行者”，by在此译为“被，由”。二、各种时态的被动语态形式一般现在时am/is/aredone一般过去时was/weredone一般将来时will/shallbedone现在进行时am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时was/werebeingdone现在完成时have/hasbeendone过去完成时hadbeendone-3-过去将来时wouldbedone①Englishisspokeninmanycountries.很多国家说英语。②Sometreesarebeingcutdowninthepark.公园里的一些树正在被砍倒。③Theconstructionofthenewlabwillbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.新实验室将会在下个月底前完工。④Thesemagazineswillnotbetakenoutofthereadingroom.不准把这些杂志带出阅览室。⑤Hastheyoungmanbeaskedtodosuchheavywork?让这个年轻人做这样繁重的工作了吗？⑥Wherewasthetextbookput？课本放在哪儿了？⑦TheworkhadbeenfinishedbeforeIcamehere.我来到这儿之前，这项工作已经完成了。⑧Hetoldmethatthosetreeswouldbemovedtothepark.他告诉我，那些树将被移到公园去。名师点津被动语态的否定形式是在助动词后面加not；其疑问句形式是把助动词放在主语的前面。三、被动语态的特殊形式1.含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。①Sheshouldbetaughthowtooperatethecomputer.应该教给她如何操作电脑。2.“get/remain＋动词的过去分词”是被动语态的变形，强调结果。②Thepatientgetstreatedonceaweek.那位病人一周得到一次治疗。四、主动形式表达被动含义1.动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,seem,turn,fail,grow,keep,go,stay作系动词时，后跟名词或形容词作表语，表示主语的特点。①Thedishtastesdelicious.这道菜尝起来美味极了。2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin,finish,open,stop,move等，用主动形式表达被动含义。②Theshopopensat8：00everyday.商店每天八点开始营业。-4-3．表示主语属性、特性的动词，如read,write,sell,wash,lock等，用主动形式表达被动含义。③Thenewbooksellswell.这本新书销路很好。五、主动语态变成被动语态1.将主动语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语，谓语动词变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态，其后可接by介词短语，by后面是动作的发出者(有时by短语可以省略)。①Theteacheraskedhimtoanswerthequestion.老师让他回答问题。(变成被动语态)＝Hewasaskedtoanswerthequestionbytheteacher.2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词＋一般疑问句。②Willthedoctoroperateonthepatient?医生将给病人动手术吗？(变成被动语态)＝Willthepatientbeoperatedonbythedoctor?③Wheredidtheygrowvegetables?他们在哪儿种菜？(变成被动语态)＝Wherewerevegetablesgrownbythem?3.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：一是将间接宾语(人)变为主语，直接宾语(物)保持不变；二是将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。④Hetoldusastory.他给我们讲了一个故事。(变成被动语态)＝Weweretoldastorybyhim.＝Astorywastoldtousbyhim.⑤Hermotherboughtheracomputer.她妈妈给她买了一台电脑。(变成被动语态)＝Acomputerwasboughtforherbyhermother.＝Shewasboughtacomputerbyhermother.4.若主动语态中的谓语是动词短语，在变为被动语态时，要将动词短语视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。⑥Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.她将会照顾好这些孩子。(变成被动语态)-5-＝Thechildrenwillbetakengoodcareofbyher.5.let，make等使役动词和see，watch，feel，notice，hear等感官动词用于被动语态时，若其后接动词不定式作补足语，这时要用带to的不定式。⑦IhearClass7singtheEnglishsongeveryday.每天我都听到7班唱这首英文歌。(变成被动语态)＝TheEnglishsongisheardtosingeverydaybyme.[课堂·总结演练]Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Customersareaskedtomakesurethatthey________(give)therightchangebeforeleavingtheshop.答案：havebeengiven2．—Whatdoyouthinkofthespeech?—Thespeakersaidalmostnothingworth________(listen)to.答案：listening3．Perhapsmostofthework________(do)bythistimetomorrow.答案：willhavebeendone4．Intimesofeconomicdownturn,children________(warn)nottofollowthefashion.答案：werewarned5．Peoplewerenotallowedtoenterthereadingroombecauseit________(paint)．答案：wasbeingpainted6．Weknewthatwe________(give)ourbooksthenextday.答案：wouldbegiven7．Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse________(build)atpresentinthedisasterarea.答案：isbeingbuilt8．Thesurfaceofthetable________(notfeel)smoothenough.答案：doesn'tfeel9．It________(notdecide)whethershewillgetherworkinthecompany.答案：hasn'tbeendecided10．Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium________(complete)inShanghai.答案：hadbeencompletedⅡ单句改错1．Whatthegirlstudenthassaidissoundedtrue.-6-_________________________________________________________________答案：issounded→sounds2．Thelockislockedeasily._________________________________________________________________答案：islocked→locks3．Themeeting­roomneedsbeingcleaned._________________________________________________________________答案：beingcleaned→cleaning/tobecleaned4．Thebooksinthebookshopareworthbeingread._________________________________________________________________答案：beingread→reading5．Theflowersweresolovelythattheywereselloutinnotime._________________________________________________________________答案：sell→sold演练通关提升[夯实·基础知识]Ⅰ单句语法填空1．Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.答案：hadbeentrapped2．Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan________(carry)outinthepasttwoyears.答案：hadbeencarried3．Mywashingmachine________(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.答案：isbeingrepaired4．Thestudents________(tell)totakecareofthe