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HowtoWriteaPaperfortheInternationalJournalsInstituteofClinicalPharmacologyCentralSouthUniversity科技论文正文撰写最通用的结构方式:IIntroductionMMethodsRResultsaandDDiscussionIMRaD格式HowtoWritethe“MaterialsandMethods”SectionGuoWang2010-06-11“材料与方法”主要是说明研究所用的材料、方法和研究的基本过程,它回答“怎样做”的问题,在论文中起承上启下的作用。材料是表现研究主题的实物依据,方法是指完成研究主题的技术手段。Material:chemicals,experimentalmaterials,animalsorhumansMethods:preparation,protocol,purposesofprotocolandmethods,methods,dataanalysis总的要求:Readersmustbeabletoreproduceyourresults,evaluatethevalidityofyourresultsandthesoundnessofyourmethods,andfollowthelogicinthepaper.Thethreequestions•Whathasbeendone?•Whatdidyoulookfor?•Howwasitdone?Shouldbereproduciblebyanothergroup一、描述的内容1、标题大部分的标题采用“MaterialsandMethods”。但是根据内容不同,可以有所改变,例如:临床研究论文,标题可以具体为“PatientsandMethods”,如果在临床研究中选取了正常人作为对照,那么标题应为“SubjectsandMethods”。2、描述的内容:☞StudyDesign◆drugtrial/intervention;◆prospective/retrospective;◆randomized,blinded;◆sensitivityofmethod;◆questionnaire;◆casereport;◆guidelines;◆meta-analysis☞SelectionandDescriptionofParticipants◆Whoisthestudyabout?participantsandcontrolsubjects(inanimalstudies,specifygenus,species)◆Inclusioncriteria◆Exclusioncriteria◆Descriptionofthesourcepopulation◆Samplesizecalculation“SubjectsTwelvehealthySwedishCaucasianmen(n=9)andwomen(n=3)withameanageof33years(range24–50)participatedinthestudy.Thesubjectshadameanbodymassindexof23.6kg/m2(range20.0–26.8)andnonewasasmoker.TheywereselectedfromapanelofhealthysubjectsattheDivisionofClinicalPharmacologyatHuddingeUniversityHospital,Sweden.AllwereextensivemetabolisersofCYP2D6,CYP2C19andCYP2C9basedonpriorgenotyping,orphenotyping,orboth.Theyreportedtobemedication-free,includingherbaldrugsandcontraceptivepills.Twoadditionalsubjectsparticipatedbuttookpartinthefirststudyphaseonly.Theywithdrewattheirownrequestandnotduetoanyadverseevents.”☞EthicIssue◇Consent◇Ethicclearance“ThestudywasperformedaccordingtotheDeclarationofHelsinki.Allsubjectsgavetheirwritteninformedconsentonthebasisofverbalandwritteninformation.ThestudywasapprovedbytheHumanEthicsCommitteeatHuddingeUniversityHospital,KarolinskaInstitute,Sweden.”☞TechnicalInformation◆ApparatusandKits◇主要仪器装备需要注明其型号、生产商名称,产地与国家;◇有些仪器主要部件的型号性能参数等需要写清楚,例如HPLC中的分离柱需要注明其长度,内径以及填充颗粒的型号等;◆reagentsanddrugs◇试剂和药品要注明厂家,产地及国家;◇国际非专利药品名称(INN)需优先注明;◇在描述药品名称时尽量避免使用代号或专利名称;如果有必要使用专利名称,可在括号内使用一次,且必须在之前使用药品的国际非专利名称。◆reagentsanddrugs(续)◇试剂有时需要注明使用浓度、纯度、配方等,尤其是自行配制试剂,一些情况下还需要说明配制方法与过程;◇临床试验所用药物必须注明剂型、剂量、给药途径、给药次数及总量等信息;◆Methods◇对采用的新方法和步骤(即未曾发表过的)应提供能重复操作所需的细节;◇对新方法的描述要提供足够的信息以便于读者判断实验的精确性,重复性和可靠性。◆Methods◇对已建立的方法直接引用参考文献,对已建立方法的改进应说明改良部分;AnalyticalmethodsAnymethodusedtoquantifydrugormetaboliteconcentrationsinbodyfluidsshouldbecharacterisedatleastbythefollowinginformation:-Rangeofquantification(definedbyanacceptableaccuracy/precisionandnotbyafactorabovebaselinenoise),-accuracyandprecisionovertheentirerangeofquantification,-recovery(ifapplicable)andstabilityinformationfortheperiodofmeasurement.Thisinformationisneededeitherinthemanuscriptormustbeavailableinareferencetheauthorprovides.Normallythemethodsshouldbedescribedinsuchadetailedwaythatotherresearcherswillbeabletorepeatit.☞StatisticalAnalysisLastparagraphisstatisticalanalysis-howdataaresummarized,statisticaltest,measurementscompared,Pvalueandsoftware.二、时态与语态的运用•时态与语态的运用:A:若描述的内容为不受时间影响的事实,采用一般现在时,如:“CYP2C19genotypeisanimportantdeterminantofvoriconazoleplasmalevels.Individualswhoarehomozygouspoormetabolizers(PM),forexample,generallyhaveelevatedplasmavoriconazolelevels,whichmightconfoundthedeterminationofvoriconazole–druginteractions.Therefore,eachsubject’sCYP2C19genotypewasdeterminedduringthescreening.SubjectswererandomlyassignedtoastudydruggroupsothatallgroupsincludedasimilarproportionofhomozygouspoorCYP2C19metabolizers.”B:若描述的内容为特定的过去行为或事件,则采用过去时,如:C:读者已知进行实验或采用这些材料的人就是作者本人,因而一般习惯采用被动语态,如:D:如果涉及表达作者的观点或方法,则应采用主动语态或不定式结构,如:“Forthesecondtrial,theapparatuswascoveredbyasheetofplastic.Webelievedthatthismodificationwouldreducetheamountofscattering.”“Forthesecondtrial,theapparatuswascoveredbyasheetofplastictoreducetheamountofscattering.”三、注意事项药名尽可能用国际非专利药名(InternationalNonproprietaryNames,INN或genericnames)如edeticacid(非EDTA),egtazicacid(非EGTA).避免用代号,如calcimycin(非A-23187),enalaprilat(非MK-422),mifepristone(非RU-486)。如必要专利名(brand或trade或commercial)可在括号内用一次.非专利药名首字小写,如ranitidine,captopril,但专利名则需大写,如Zantac,Capoten.性别、年龄、体重应有均数、标准差、范围.交代动物级别和动物饲养合格证号。大鼠和小鼠需至少2级才能报告。•用SI单位(leSystèmeInternationald’Unités)如25.4mm(非1inch),g·L-1(非mg·ml-1),mol·L-1(非MorN).如果在SI单位前有阿拉伯数字,则只用单位符号,而不用单位全名,如1s,2min,3h,4d,d4(thefourthday),5y•避免用符号“‰”•血压用mmHg,体温用37.0℃(98.6F).•符号不用复数(如9kg而非kgs);不用“.”,如min而非min.•用12.4mm(不用0.0124m)•用5μmol(不用5×10-6mol)•用3-8g3%-8%3m×8m×2m8g±3g(8±3)nmol·L-1·g-1(protein).关于时间的非SI单位的正确表达minminutehhourddaywkweekmomonthyyear谢谢!
本文标题:药学--英文论文写作材料与方法
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