汽车检测技术教学课件

汽车检测技术dowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians一、汽车制动系统检测与调整汽车制动系应满足的技术标准汽车制动系检测方法汽车制动系统的调试dowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians1、汽车制动系应满足的技术标准GB7258—2004《机动车运行安全技术条件》是我国的第一部汽车法规，已经过2次修订。该标准对汽车制动系提出了如下要求：1）制动距离和制动稳定性2）制动减速度和制动稳定性3）应急制动性能4）台试检验制动性能5）驻车制动性能dowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians1）制动距离和制动稳定性车辆类型制动初速度（km/h）满载制动距离（m）空载制动距离（m）任何部位不超出车道宽度（m）乘用车50≤20.0≤19.02.5总质量≤3500kg的低速货车30≤9.0≤8.02.5总质量≤3500kg的汽车50≤22.0≤21.02.5其他汽车、汽车列车30≤10.0≤9.03.0dowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians2）制动减速度和制动稳定性车辆类型制动初速度（km/h）满载制动平均减速度（）空载制动平均减速度（）任何部位不超出车道宽度（m）乘用车50≥5.9≥6.22.5总质量≤3500kg的低速货车30≥5.2≥5.62.5总质量≤3500kg的汽车50≥5.4≥5.82.5其他汽车、汽车列车30≥5.0≥5.43.02/sm2/smdowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians3）应急性能车辆类型制动初速度（km/h）满载制动距离（m）平均减速度（）允许操纵力不大于(N)手操纵脚操纵乘用车50≤38.0≥2.9400600总质量≤3500kg的低速货车30≤18.0≥2.5600700其他汽车、汽车列车30≤20.0≥2.26007002/smdowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians4）台试检验制动性能车辆类型制动力总和与整车重量的百分比轴制动力与轴荷的百分比空载满载前轴后轴乘用车、总质量≤3500kg的货车≥60≥50≥60≥20其他汽车、汽车列车≥60≥50≥60------dowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians5）驻车制动性能车辆类型路试检验能有效停驻的坡度（%）台试检验制动力与整车重量的比（%）整备质量＜1.2倍总质量的车辆1515其他车辆2020dowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians6）其他要求制动力平衡要求：在制动力上升全过程中，左、右轮制动力差与该轴制动力大者之比，前轴≤20%；后轴：当轴制动力≥该轴负荷的60%时，其值应≤24%；当轴制动力≤该轴负荷的60%时，其值应≤8%。车轮阻滞力：各车轮阻滞力与该车轮所在轴轴荷之比≤5%。制动协调时间：液压制动系的汽车≤0.35s；气压制动系的汽车≤0.60s；汽车列车及铰接车辆≤0.80s。dowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians7）检测条件制动器类型空载满载气压制动系统压力表指示压力（kPa)600额定工作气压液压制动系踏板力（N）座位数≤9的客车400500其他汽车450700驻车制动汽车类型手操纵力（N）脚操纵力（N）座位数≤9的客车400500其他汽车600700dowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians8）名词解释阻滞力：汽车解除制动后，转鼓带动车轮转动所需的力。阻滞力包括汽车传动系的摩擦阻力和制动器因调整不当存在的残余制动力。制动协调时间：制动踏板开始动作到制动器产生制动力所经历的时间。即消除制动踏板自由行程、制动传动机构间隙及制动器间隙所需要的时间。dowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians2、汽车制动检测方法路试检测台试检测：反力式制动试验台跑（平）板式制动试验台dowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians1）路试检测接触式五轮仪非接触式五轮仪GPS测速仪dowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians非接触式五轮仪dowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians测量内容法规中规定的检测项目制动距离制动减速度制动稳定性应急制动驻车制动汽车制动标准中规定的其他项目制动效能的恒定性制动效能的涉水恢复性制动时的方向稳定性dowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians2）台试检测检测设备检测内容检测方法dowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians检测设备dowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians检测内容制动力制动力平衡车轮阻滞力驻车制动力制动解除时间dowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians制动系统的调试制动踏板的自由行程排除制动管路中的空气检查并调整制动器间隙dowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians二、汽车车速检测车速表指示误差的产生原因国标对车速表误差的要求车速表检测设备与检测方法使用车速表检测试验台应注意的事项dowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians1、车速表指示误差的产生原因汽车的行驶速度由下式确定。由此可见，车速表是否准确与车轮滚动半径（r）和发动机转速（n）测试系统的准确性等因素有关。车轮滚动半径：制造精度、气压、磨损量；发动机转速测量：测量方式、仪表质量。0377.0iinrugadowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians2、国标对车速表误差的要求GB7258—2004《机动车运行安全技术条件》4.12条规定，车速表指示误差应满足下式的要求。式中：—车速表指示速度；—实际车速。410/0221VVV1V2VdowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians3、汽车车速检测设备dowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofFamilyPhysicians4、车速表试验台使用注意事项核实被测车辆的轴重是否在车速表试验台的测试范围内。严禁车辆在车速表试验台上紧急制动。测试过程中严禁升起举升装置。汽车上台测试之前应将车辆摆正，对于前轮驱动的汽车，在测试过程中应时刻注意汽车的方向，以避免车辆甩出测试台的危险事故。禁止在车速表试验在上停放车辆。dowesimplifycomplexfractionsandcomplexrationalDisordersBuildingaCommunityofSupportImmunizationsAmericanAcademyofF