网络众包模式的协同自组织创新效应分析王姝

35420144ScienceＲesearchManagementVol．35No．4April20142013－08－292013－11－20．712721712013．01－2016．12。1977－。1968－。1984－。1000－2995201404－008－0026王姝1，陈劲2，梁靓1(1．浙江大学管理学院，浙江杭州310058;2．浙江大学公共管理学院，浙江杭州310027)网络众包(Crowdsourcing)模式开启了微观个体参与创新的时代，突显了大众智慧的商业价值，通过移动互联端到端的连接方式搭建了大众参与的创新平台，实现了协同自组织的新型网络工作环境。本文通过与传统组织形式的比较，基于“ＲPV模型”(Ｒesource，Process，Value)理论的组织特点，分析了网络众包模式中互补共生的运营方式和基于知识服务的协同自组织过程，使个体在协同创新的系统中找到参与的位置，通过系统协调形成多目标经济活动的次优组合，并探讨分析了个体与利益相关者如何通过协同的方式和途径创造群体价值，实现“产消合一”的服务体系，塑造众包数字化生存和信息时代全新的工作形态。网络众包;自组织;知识服务;协同创新F270．7A1引言、、。12。Ｒamaswamy3“”Gouillart4“”、。、《》JeffHowe2006“。……。”51－236。EricHippel20057《》－。、。、、4·27·、。Innocentive．comZhubaijie．comTaskcn．comEpweike．com。2005201230%、、、、、、、Internet。。。2网络众包自组织协同创新的实现。DanielBell8“post－industrialsociety”AlvinToff-ler9“thethirdwave”、“———、———”“”、。JeffHowe《》5Crowdwisdom“”Crowdcreation“”CrowdwisdomDigg.comCrowdfunding。、。Clay-tonChristensen199710《》Ｒesource－BasedViewＲBVＲPVＲesource、ProcessValue。2.1Internet、。“”、。。－。。2.2、。。CＲM·28·2014、。。2.3。、。、、。“”。H1。、。H2。、。H3。、。2.4－－。1、。。、。、。。“－”。、、。1Figure1Themodelofcollaborativeinnovationeffectsofcrowdsourcing3众包平台协同效应分析1。14EDP403347。2。WKabc.com5333。3201111201211InnoCentive、iUserSurvey、、4·29·、、、BBS①、147123。3.112。113－5。。10.5“”、“”“”。、83.547%KMO0.902Bart-lett0＜0.001。1KMOBartlettTable1TheresultsofKMOandBartletttestofcrowdsourcingcollaborativeinnovationKaiser－Meyer－Olkin。．902Bartlett2168．223df171Sig．．000P*＜0.05P＊＊＜0.05P＊＊＊＜0.001。2Table2Theresultsoffactoranalysisofcrowdsourcingmodel123．030．896－．037．044．941．006．033．853．008．938．047．100．940．016．121．942．042．105．095－．014．937．099－．027．950．105－．025．931Varimax83.547%。Cronbach’sa。、。3Cronbach’sa0.946Cronbach’sa0.977Cronbach’sa0.962Cronbach’sa0.70.35Correcteditem－total0.4Cronbach’sa0.7、。、、①、、、、、、、InnoCentive、、、K68、、、、、Wired．com、YourEncore、BussinessWeek、SocialBeta。·30·20140.01。。。3Table3TheresultsofreliabilityanalysisofcrowdsourcingmodelCronbach’saCronbach’sa．851．934．821．937．794．939．946．918．973．925．972．925．972．977．935．950．795．964．889．954．9623.2AMOS19.042。4Table4TheresultsofpathcoefficientandfittingindexofoverallmodelEt．Esti．EstimateS．E．C．Ｒ．P←．204．216．0732．964．002←．356．401．0715．663＊＊＊←．248．240．0653．681＊＊＊←．9431．000←．8781．021．04323．654＊＊＊←．9471．020．03430．446＊＊＊←．7801．000←．8611．113．07115．673＊＊＊←．8831．125．06916．228＊＊＊←．9591．000←．9761．018．02442．382＊＊＊←．9911．014．02147．626＊＊＊1←．7921．0002←．7941．013．07513．491＊＊＊3←．778．977．07413．165＊＊＊1←．763．938．07312．863＊＊＊2←．730．874．07212．187＊＊＊3←．708．905．07711．752＊＊＊4·31·Et．Esti．EstimateS．E．C．Ｒ．PCMIN463．929NFI．916DF164TLI．935CMIN/DF2．829CFI．944GFI．878ＲMSEA．083P*＜0.1P＊＊＜0.05P＊＊＊＜0.001。4CMINχ2463.929CMIN/DFχ2/df164ＲMSEA0.083＜0.1CFI0.944TLI0.9350.9。C.Ｒ.、。、0.2040.3560.248P＜0.05、、。2Figure2Thecollaborativeinnovationmodelofcrowdsourcing42H1、0.7800.8610.883、、。－、。H2、·32·20140.9430.8780.947“”。H3、0.9590.9760.991socialcognitiontheoryoutcomeexpectationsself－effica-cy、、。4分析讨论与对策建议、ＲPVSEM、。Be-havioralEconomicsWelfareeco-nomicsdigitalcommons。－。。“”“”。、。“”“”“”“”。。。。。。4·33·。、、、。1ZuboffS．NewWorldsofComputer－mediatedWorkJ．HarvardBusinessＲeview．1982605142－152．2CastellsM．TheInternetGalaxyＲeflectionsontheInternetBusinessandSocietyM．OxfordOxfordUniversityPress．2001．3ＲamaswamyVGouillartF．ThePowerofCo－CreationBuildItwithThemtoBoostGrowthProductivityandProfitsM．NewYorkFreePress．2010．4GouillartFＲamaswamiV．BuildingtheCo－creativeEnter-priseJ．Harvardbusinessreview．20108810100－109．5JeffHowe．M．．2009．6．M．．2011．7HippelEV．DemocratizingInnovationM．CambridgeTheMITPress．2005．8BellD．TheComingofPost－IndustrialSocietyAVentureinSocialForecastingM．NewYorkBasicBooks1976．9TofflerA．ＲevolutionaryWealthHowItWillBeCreatedandHowItWillChangeourLivesM．NewYorkCrownBusi-ness．2007．10ChristensenCM．TheInnovator’sDilemmaM．BostonHarvardBusinessSchoolPress．1997．11．M．．2004．Analysisofcollaborativeandself－organizinginnovationeffectofthenetworkcrowdsourcingmodelWangShu1ChenJin2LiangLiang11．SchoolofManagementZhejiangUniversityHangzhou310058ZhejiangChina2．SchoolofPublicAffairsZhejiangUniversityHangzhou310027ZhejiangChinaAbstractTheNetworkCrowdsourcingmodeushersintheageinwhichthemicro－individualparticipatesintheinnovationhigh-lightsthecommercialvalueofthewisdomofthemassesandsetupaninnovativeplatformforpublicparticipationbytheend－to－endconnectionofthemobileinterconnectiontoachieveanewnetworkenvironmentofself－organizingcollaboration．Bycom-paringwiththetraditionalformsoforganizationandbasedontheＲPVmodelＲesourceProcessValuethispaperanaly-zesthecomplementaryandsymbioticwayofoperationandsynergisticself－organizationprocessofknowledge－basedservicesinthenetworkcrowdsourcingmodelsothattheindividualmaylocateitspositioninthecollaborativeinnovationsystemformsthesuboptimalcombinationofmulti－objectbymeansofthesystemcoordinationandexploreandanalyzehowtheindividualsandstakeholderscreatevaluethroughcollaborativewaysandmeanstoachieveaservicesysteminwhichproductionandconsumptionareincludedinonecreatinganewmodeofworkinthecrowdsourcingdigitalexistenceandtheinformationage．Keywordsnetworkcrowdsourcingself－organizingknowledgeservicescollaborativeinnovation