2020上海高一英语新教材(上教版)Unit 1Life in a day语法——被动语态

2020上海高一英语新教材（上教版）Unit1Lifeinaday语法详解本单元语法重点是：现在进行时的被动语态；第一部分：动词的语态及物动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。1.定义：主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。2.被动语态的构成被动语态最基本的句型结构是：be+及物动词过去分词.即bedone一般现在时：is/am/are+done一般过去时:was/were+done现在进行时:is/am/are+being+done过去进行时:was/were+being+done一般将来时:will+be+done过去将来时:would+be+done现在完成时:have/has+been+done过去完成时:had+been+done情态动词can/may/must/need/could/would/should+be+done【注意】1)主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”的情况以下动词变为被动语态时，要在其后加“to”。此类动词为感官动词，如：feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,watch等。例如：Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).Theymadehimcry.(主动语态)Hewasmadetocrybythem.(被动语态)2)主动形式表示被动意义如wash,clean,cut,read,wear,draw,write,sell等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义。例如：Thepenwritessmoothly.第1页Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.感官动词如feel，look，smell，taste，sound等直接跟形容词作表语。Thefoodtastesgood.3)want,need,require表示“需要”时，后接-ing表被动；①Sth.want/need/requiretobedone=sth.want/need/requiredoingYourhairneedscutting=Yourhairneedtobecut.你的头发需要被剪①beworth+doingsth.值得被做...。Thebookisworthreading.第二部分：被动语态一、被动语态的基本形式1.被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1）am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时+被动语态Visitors___________(request)nottotouchtheexhibits.2）was/weredone一般过去时+被动语态I___________(give)tenminutestodecidewhichIshouldchoose.3)has/havebeendone现在完成时+被动语态Allthepreparations___________(complete).4）hadbeendone过去完成时+被动语态Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgym___________(complete)inBeijing.5)am/is/aredeingdone现在进行时+被动语态Anewcinema___________(build)here．6）was/werebeingdone过去进行时+被动语态Ameeting___________(hold)whenIwasthere.7)shall/willbedone一般将来时+被动语态Hundredsofjobs___________(lose)ifthefactorycloses.8）should/wouldbedone过去将来时+被动语态Thenews___________(send)tothesoldier'smother.9）shall/willhavebeendone将来完成时+被动语态Theproject___________(complete)beforeJuly.10）should/wouldhavebeendone过去将来完成时+被动语态Hetoldmethathisnewclothes___________(make)verysoon.2.被动语态的特殊结构形式1)、带情态动词的被动结构：情态动词+be+done(过去分词)第2页Thebabyshould___________(take)goodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2)、在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,等后面不定式作宾语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.?3)、非谓语动词的被动语态：being+done或tobe+doneIdon'tlike___________(laugh)atinthepublic.Idon'twant___________(laugh)atinthepublic.4)、Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It＋is/was＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋todosth.”。有：Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道，Itisbelievedthat…大家相信，Itishopedthat…大家希望，Itiswellknownthat…众所周知，Itisthoughtthat…大家认为，Itissuggestedthat…据建议。Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedtheexam./Theboyissaidtohavepassedtheexam.二、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1、英语中有很多动词如lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。Thiskindofclothwasheswell.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：Thedoorwon'tlock．（指门本身有毛病）Thedoorwon'tbelocked.（指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2、系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,look,smell常以主动形式表示被动意义。Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.三、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义1、在need，want，require等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．这房子需要修理。2、形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）3、在too…to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.被动语态同步练习:()1.Itissaidthatanewrobot____byhiminafewdays第3页A.designedB.hasbeendesignedC.willbedesignedD.willhavebeendesigned()2.Shewillstopshowingoffifnonotice____ofher.A.istakenB.takesC.willbetakenD.hastaken()3.Diamond____inBrazilin1971.A.isfoundB.hasbeenfoundC.wasfoundD.hadbeenfound()4.“Haveyoumovedintothenewflat?”“Notyet.Theroom____.”A.hasbeenpaintedB.ispaintedC.paintsD.isbeingpainted()5.Mypictures____untilnextFriday.A.won'tdevelopB.aren'tdevelopedC.don'tdevelopD.won'tbedeveloped()6.Tim____sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.A.hadbeenunemployedB.wasunemployedC.hasbeenunemployedD.hasunemployed()7.I'llpushthecartothesideoftheroadbecausewe____ifweleaveithere.A.wouldbefinedB.willbefinedC.willbeingfinedD.willhavebeenfined()8.Ifoundabottle____droppedonthefloorofDavid'sroom.A.wasB.hadC.hadbeenD.is()9.Yououghttohaveputthemilkintherefrigerator.Now____sour.A.IsmellB.itissmeltC.itsmellsD.itissmelling()10.Ithinkmuchattention____yourpronunciation.A.mustbepaidtoB.oughttobepaidC.mustpaytoD.shouldpaidto()11.Idon'tremember____thechancetotrythismethod.A.havingbeengivenB.tohavebeengivenC.havinggivenD.tohavegiven()12.Theconstructionofthelab____bytheendofnextmonth.A.mustbecompletingB.musthavebeencompletedC.willbecompletingD.willhavebeencompleted()13.Asweapproachedtheworksite,theworkerswereseen____thenewhouse.A.buildingB.buildC.builtD.tobuild()14.Thecomposition____anymore.A.neednottobecorrectedB.doesn'tneedtobecorrectedC.doesn'tneedbecorrectedD.neednotcorrect()15、ThePeople'sRepublicofChinaonOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.hasbeenfoundedD.wasfound参考答案:1-5CACDD6-10CBCCA11-15ADABB第4页第三部分：现在进行时的被动语态一、现在进行时的被动语态的基本结构1.肯定式：am/is/are+being+doneAnotherbridgeisbeingbuiltovertheriveratpresent.目前江上正在建造另一座大桥。Wecan’ttakethisroadfortheroadisbeingrepairednow．我们不能走这条路，