(完整版)非谓语动词和从句的转换

非谓语动词和从句的转换----一.不定式（短语）与从句的关系1.不定式（短语）在句中作主语，其功能相当于一个主语从句，因此二者之间可以转换。(1).Tobeabletohelpyouisreallyanhonor.(=ThatI’mabletohelpyou)(2).Heseemedtoknowtheway.(=Itseemedthatheknewtheway.)(3).BushissaidtohavedecidedtoattackNorthKorea.(=ItissaidthatBushhasdecidedtoattackNorthKorea.)2.不定式（短语）在句中作宾语或宾补，相当于一个宾语从句(1).Westilldon’tknowwhenandwheretobuildaschool.(宾语)(=whenandwhereweshouldbuildaschool)(2).Iadvisedhimtogoandseethedoctor.(宾补)(=thatheshouldgoandsee)(3).Hethoughtitagreatpitynottohaveinvitedher..(宾语)(=Thathehadn’tinvitedher.)3不定式（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).Mysuggestionisforthemtoleaveassoonaspossible.(=thattheyshouldleave)(2).Mychiefpurposehasbeenforthemtogetagoodunderstanding.(=thattheycangetagoodunderstanding)4.不定式（短语）在句中作定语.，相当于一个定语从句(1).ThequestionwillbediscussedattheconferenceshortlytoopeninBeijing.(=thatisshortlytoopeninBeijing)(2).Alldead,Iwastheonlyonetogrowup.(=thatgrewup)5.不定式（短语）在句中作目的．结果状语.，相当于一个目的．结果状语从句(１).Hecametotheareainorder/soastostudythefolkmusicthere.(=inorder/sothat)(2).Theladywassoexcitedasnottosayaword.(=soexcitedthatshecouldn’t…)7.不定式（短语）在句中作原因状语.，相当于一个原因状语从句(１)Itrembledtothinkofbeingpunishedbytheboss.(=becauseIthoughofbeingpunishedbytheboss)(2).Weweredisappointedtohavelostthegame.(=thatwehavelostthegame)二．动名词（短语）与从句的关系1.动名词（短语）在句中作主语，相当于一个主语从句(１).Yourgoingaway(=Thatyouwentaway)madetheprofessorangry.(2).Mary’snotbeingmademonitor(=ThatMarywasnotmademonitor)madeussad.被动的动名词在句中作主语时一般不能省(3).Beingcalledafool(=Thathewascalledafool)hurtBobbadly.2.动名词（短语）在句中作宾语或宾补语，相当于一个宾语从句(1).IrememberbeingtakentoBeijing(=thatIwastakentoBeijing)whenIwasfive.(2).HeadmittedhavingmarriedMarytoasoldier(=thathehadmarriedMarytoasoldier).3.动名词（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).Mydutyisservingthepeopleheartandsoul(thatI’llservethepeopleheartandsoul).(2).Theproblemishisnothavingpreparedhislessonsfortheexam(=thathehasn’tpreparedhislessonsfortheexam)(3).ThedifficultyisMary’sbeingcaughtbetweenthetwotrees(=thatMaryiscaughtbetweenthetwotrees).4.介词＋动名词（短语），相当于一个从句(宾语从句或同位语从句...01(1）Hewasafraidofbeingscoldedbyhismistake.(=thathewas…)(2).Hewasastonishedatherknowingyou.(=thatsheknewyou)(3).Weheardthenewsofourteamhavingwon.(=thatourteamhadwon)三．分词（短语）与从句的关系1.分词（短语）作定语，相当于一个定语从句(1）Thehospitalwasanoldbuildingbuiltin1931(=thatwasbuiltin1931).(2).Doyouknowthegirlstandingoverthere(=whoisstandingoverthere)?(3).Themanspeakingtoustheotherday(=whospoketoustheotherday)hasgonetoJapan.本节值得注意的问题：现在分词短语作定语时，所表示的动作不能先于谓语所表示的动作，也不可以表示将来。另外，一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语，所以，下列句子都是错的：HereisMr.LicomingfromBeijing.(应改为whohascomefromBeijing)Thosehavingfinishedtheirworkcangohomenow.(应改为whohavefinished)ThemangivingusalecturelastweekleftforShenzhenthismorning.(应改为whogaveus)2.分词独立结构，相当于一个状语从句，其中伴随状语多与并列句转换(1）Weatherpermitting(=Ifweatherpermits),we’llhavethematchtomorrow.(2).Thedarkcloudshavingdisappeared(=Whenthedarkcloudshaddisappeared),thesunshoneagain.(3).Themonitorbeingill(=Asthemonitorwasill)we’dbetterputthemetingoff.(4).Otherthingsbeingequal(=Ifotherthingsareequal),I’dbuytheblackdress.(5).Givenmoretime(=Ifweweregivenmoretime),wecouldhavedoneitbetter.(6).Hecameback,hishandstiedtohisback(=andhishandsweretiedtohisback).3.分词短语，相当于一个状语从句(1）Onarriving(=AssoonasIarrive)there,I’lltelephoneyou.（时间）(2).(While)waiting(=WhileIwaswaiting)forthebus,Icaughtsightofher．（时间）(3).Educated(=Ashewaseducated)bytheparty,hebecameagreatfighter.（原因）(4).Nothavingreceived(=BecauseIhadn’treceivedananswer,Iwrotetohimagain.（原因）(5).(If)given(=Ifwehadbeengiven)enoughtime,ecouldhavedoneitbetter.（条件）(6).(Though)havingmade(=Thoughhehadmade)greatachievements,hedidn’tpride.(让步)４．分词短语作状语，可表伴随，结果，相当于and的并列句，也可和with转换(1）Hedied,leavinghisdaughtermuchmoney.()(=with),(=andleft)(2).Theteacherenteredthelab,followedbyourstudents.(=andhewasfollowedbyourstudents=withusfollowinghim=andwefollowedhim)5.分词短语在句中作宾语或宾语补足语，相当于一个宾语从句(1）Hefoundthewindowsbroken.(=Hefoundthatthewindowswerebroken.)(2).Ifeltmyheartbeatingfastatthenewsofbombexplosion.(=Ifeltthatmyheartwasbestingfastatthenewsofbombexplosion)四．特殊转换1.动名词复合结构相当于从句(1）Sophia’shavingseenthem(=ThatSophiahadseenthem)didn’tsurprisedus.2(2).Ican’tbearhis(him)stayingupsolate(=thathestaysupsolate).(3).Weencouragestudents’livingintheschool(=thatstudentsliveintheschool).(4).Whatwasdisappointingwasournotbeingabletogoforapicnic(thatwewerenotabletogoforapicnic).2.there+being+其他成分(1）Therebeingnothingtodo,weplayedgames.(=Becausetherewasnothingtodo)(原因)(2).Theyclosedthestore,therebeingnocustomers.(=Becausetherewasnocustomers)(原因)3