CACRCP 53-2003 新鲜水果和蔬菜卫生操作规范（2017版）

CODEOFHYGIENICPRACTICEFORFRESHFRUITSANDVEGETABLESCAC/RCP53-2003Adoptedin2003.Revisedin:2010(newAnnexIIIforfreshleafyvegetables),2012(newAnnexIVforMelons),2013(newAnnexVforBerries),2017.CAC/RCP53-20032INTRODUCTIONScientificresearchoverrecentdecadeshasshownthatadietrichinfruitsandvegetablespromotesgoodhealth.Thisrecognitionoftheimportanceoftheroutineconsumptionoffreshfruitsandvegetables,togetherwithasignificantincreaseintheyear-roundavailabilityofsuchproductsfromtheglobalmarket,hascontributedtothesubstantialincreaseintheirconsumptionoverthepasttwodecades.However,continuingreportsoffood-borneillnessassociatedwithfreshfruitsandvegetableshaveincreasedconcernamongpublichealthagenciesandconsumersaboutthesafetyoftheseproducts.ThemicrobiologicalpathogensassociatedwithfreshfruitsandvegetablesincludeSalmonellaspp.,Shigellaspp.,Campylobacter,pathogenicstrainsofEscherichiacoli,Listeriamonocytogenes,Yersiniapseudotuberculosis,norovirus,hepatitisAvirusandparasitessuchasCyclosporacayetanensis,GiardialambliaandCryptosporidiumparvum.1.OBJECTIVESOFTHECODEThisCodeaddressesGoodAgriculturalPractices(GAPs)andGoodHygienicPractices(GHPs)thathelpcontrolmicrobial,chemicalandphysicalhazardsassociatedwithallstagesoftheproductionoffreshfruitsandvegetables,fromprimaryproductiontoconsumption.Particularattentionisgiventominimizingmicrobialhazards.TheCodeprovidesageneralframeworkofrecommendationsthatcanbeuniformlyadoptedacrossthesectorratherthandetailedrecommendationsforspecificagriculturalpractices,operationsorcommodities.Thefreshfruitandvegetableindustryisverycomplex.Freshfruitsandvegetablesareproducedandpackedunderdiverseenvironmentalconditions.ItisrecognizedthatsomeoftheprovisionsinthisCodemaybedifficulttoimplementinareaswhereprimaryproductionisconductedinsmallholdings,whetherindevelopedordevelopingcountries,andinareaswheretraditionalfarmingispracticed.TheCodeistherefore,bynecessity,aflexibleone,toallowfordifferentsystemsofcontrolandpreventionofcontaminationfordifferentgroupsofcommodities.2.SCOPE,USEANDDEFINITIONS2.1ScopeThisCodecoversgeneralhygienicpracticesfromprimaryproductiontoconsumptionoffreshfruitsandvegetablescultivatedforhumanconsumptioninordertoproducesafeandwholesomeproducts,inparticularforthoseintendedtobeconsumedraw.Specifically,thisCodeisapplicabletofreshfruitsandvegetablesgrowninopenfieldsorinprotectedfacilities(hydroponicsystems,greenhouses/nethouses,etc.).ItconcentratesonmicrobialhazardsandaddressesphysicalandchemicalhazardsonlyinsofarastheyrelatetoGAPsandGHPs.TheAnnexesforReady-to-Eat,Fresh,Pre-cutFruitsandVegetables(AnnexI),SproutProduction(AnnexII),FreshLeafyVegetables(AnnexIII),Melons(AnnexIV)andBerries(AnnexV)aresupplementstothisCodeandincludeadditionalrecommendationstocoverhygienicpracticesspecifictothesecommodities.2.2UseThisCodefollowstheformatoftheGeneralPrinciplesofFoodHygiene(CAC/RCP1-1969)andshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithitandotherapplicablecodes,suchastheGuidelinesontheApplicationofGeneralPrinciplesofFoodHygienetotheControlofFoodborneParasites(CAC/GL88-2016),GuidelinesontheApplicationofGeneralPrinciplesofFoodHygienetotheControlofVirusesinFood(CAC/GL79-2012),theCodeofPracticeforPackagingandTransportofFreshFruitsandVegetables(CAC/RCP44-1995),theCodeofPracticefortheProcessingandHandlingofQuickFrozenFoods(CAC/RCP8-1976),andtheGuidelinesforRiskAnalysisofFoodborneAntimicrobialResistance(CAC/GL77-2011).Duetothewidevariationinthenatureoffruitsandvegetablesandproductionpractices,flexibilityinapplicationisanessentialelementofthisCode.Theimplementationofanyhygienicpracticesisproportionatetotheriskoffood-borneillnessorthecharacteristicsofthecommodity(e.g.conditionsandpracticesassociatedwithgrowingfruitsfromtalltreesandthathaveinediblepeel,suchasdurian,mangosteen,coconutandrambutan,presentalowerlikelihoodofcontaminationatprimaryproductionthanfruitssuchasmelonsorberriesgrownonorneartheground).2.3DefinitionsDefinitionsofgeneralexpressionsareincludedintheGeneralPrinciplesofFoodHygiene.ForthepurposesofthisCode,thefollowingtermsaredefinedasbelow:Agriculturalinputs–Anyincomingmaterial(e.g.seeds,fertilizers,includingcompost,water,agriculturalchemicals,plantsupport)usedfortheprimaryproductionoffreshfruitsandvegetables.Agriculturalworker–Anypersonwhoundertakesoneormoreofthefollowing:cultivation,harvestingandpackingoffreshfruitsandvegetables.CAC/RCP53-20033Biocides–Achemicalsubstanceormicro-organismintendedtodestroy,deter,renderharmlessorexertacontrollingeffectonanyharmfulorganismbychemicalorbiologicalmeans.Biologicalcontrol–Theuseofbiologicalagents(e.g.insects,micro-organismsand/ormicrobialmetabolites)forthecontrolofmites,pests,plantpathogensandspoilageorganisms.Biofilm–Amicrobialconsortiumadheringtoasurface.Biosolids–Nutrient-richorganicmaterialsresultingfromthetreatmentofsewagesludge(thenameforthesolid,semisolidorliquidresiduegeneratedduringthetreatmentofdomesticsewageinatreatmentfacility).Composting–Amanagedprocessinwhichorganicmaterialsaredigestedaerobicallyoranaerobicallybymicrobialaction.Cull–Theremovalofanyproductorpartofp