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ICS65.060.40B91JB/T7875-1999neqISO5681:1992植物保护机械术语Equipmentforcropprotection–Vocabulary1999-08-06发布2000-01-01实施国家机械工业局发布I前言1范围··························································································································12通用术语····················································································································13喷雾与喷雾设备··········································································································14喷粉与喷粉设备··········································································································95施粒机及其部件········································································································106其它病虫害防治方法与防治器械···················································································117作业与试验用术语·····································································································11附录A(标准的附录)不推荐使用的同义词······································································15附录B(提示的附录)雾滴尺寸的分类············································································16附录C(提示的附录)标准使用说明···············································································16JB/T7875-1999目次II前言本标准是非等效采用国际标准ISO5681:1992《植物保护机械术语》对JB/T7875—95《植物保护机械名词术语》进行的修订。修订时,对ISO5681:1992中定义不确切的术语,仍然保留JB/T7875—95中的定义或者进行了补充修改。术语的章节编排参照ISO5681:1992的顺序,并作了适当的修改和调整。本标准自实施之日起代替JB/T7875—95。本标准的附录A是标准的附录。本标准的附录B、附录C都是提示的附录。本标准由全国农业机械标准化技术委员会提出并归口。本标准负责起草单位:南京农业机械化研究所、中国农业机械化科学研究院。本标准主要起草人:金仁根、严荷荣、阮文菊、陈俊宝。JB/T7875-199911范围本标准规定了与植物保护机械有关的术语及其定义。2通用术语2.1农药pesticideproduct;agriculturalchemicals用以改善或保护植物的生长、收获和储存的药品或制剂。2.2制剂formulatedproduct用户购买的成品农药。2.3助剂adjuvant没有基本的生物活性,但可改善有效成分的生物学效果的物质。2.4有效成分activeingredient制剂中能产生生物学效果的成分。2.5粉剂dust载有有效成分,可直接使用的惰性固体物质的粉状粒子。2.6粒剂granules含有或载有有效成分的惰性固体物质的粒子,其大小应在规定的尺寸范围内。2.7处理treatment施用农药以产生所需生物学效果的作业。2.8全面处理overalltreatment对整片作物或整块田地进行处理。2.9局部处理localtreatment对整片作物或整块田地的部分进行处理。通常局部处理可以成行、成条或定点地进行。3喷雾与喷雾设备3.1基本定义3.1.1喷雾spraying将液体分散并喷射到大气中成为雾滴。3.1.2(喷雾)药液spraymixture含有农药制剂,可直接用来喷雾的液体。国家机械工业局1999-08-06批准中华人民共和国机械行业标准植物保护机械术语Equipmentforcropprotection–VocabularyJB/T7875-1999neqISO5681:1992代替JB/T7875—952000-01-01实施JB/T7875-199923.1.3雾滴droplet通常指直径小于1000m,大致成球形的液体粒子。3.1.4雾流spray由喷头产生的处于运动状态的雾滴群。3.1.5圆锥雾流conicalspray圆锥形的雾流。3.1.6扁平雾流flatspray扁平形的雾流。3.1.7风送雾流air–assistedspray完全或部分地靠气流输送雾滴的雾流。3.1.8非风送雾流non–air–assistedspray喷射雾滴无需气流辅助的雾流。3.2喷雾类型3.2.1液力喷雾hydraulicpressurespraying仅利用液体的压力能进行的喷雾。3.2.2气力喷雾air–blastspraying两相流喷雾twinfluidspraying利用高速气流对喷雾液的作用进行的喷雾。3.2.3离心喷雾centrifugalspraying利用工作部件(例如旋转的圆盘)旋转的能量进行的喷雾。3.2.4热力喷雾thermalspraying部分或完全靠热能产生雾滴进行喷雾。3.2.5针对性喷雾placementspraying使雾流针对目标物的喷雾作业方式。3.2.6飘移性喷雾driftspraying雾流不直接朝向目标物,雾滴靠气流运载,在飘流过程中沉积于目标物上的喷雾作业方式。3.2.7静电喷雾electrostaticspraying使雾滴带有电荷,并在静电力的辅助作用下沉积的喷雾方法。3.3喷雾机(器)3.3.1喷雾机sprayer用于喷雾的机具。注:通常把人力驱动的喷雾机称为喷雾器。3.3.2液力喷雾机hydraulicpressuresprayer用液力喷头喷雾,无需气流辅助输送雾滴的喷雾机具。3.3.3风送液力喷雾机air–assistedhydraulicpressuresprayer以机械产生的气流辅助输送雾滴的液力喷雾机具。JB/T7875-199933.3.4离心喷雾机centrifugalsprayer用离心喷头喷雾,没有气流辅助输送雾滴的喷雾机具。3.3.5风送离心喷雾机air–assistedcentrifugalsprayer以机械产生的气流辅助输送雾滴的离心喷雾机具。3.3.6气力喷雾机air–blastsprayer两相流喷雾机twinfluidsprayer用气力喷头喷雾的机具。3.3.7热力喷雾机thermalsprayer用于热力喷雾的机具。3.3.8单管喷雾器bucketpumpsprayer只有手动泵和喷射部件的液力喷雾器。作业时手动泵插入盛有药液的桶中。3.3.9踏板式喷雾器pedestalmountedsprayer把泵装在脚踏板上并用杠杆操作的液力喷雾器。作业时泵的吸液软管放入盛有药液的桶中。3.3.10间歇喷雾器intermittenthandsprayer没有空气室,间歇喷雾的手持式喷雾器。3.3.11滑管式喷雾器slidepumpsprayer具有由双手操作的滑动套管形式的泵的液力喷雾器。3.3.12背负式喷雾器lever–operatedknapsacksprayer由操作者背负,用摇杆操作液泵(通常是隔膜泵或活塞泵)的液力喷雾器。3.3.13压缩喷雾机(器)compressionsprayer靠压缩的气体使机具中的液体具有压力的液力喷雾机(器)。3.3.14喷杆喷雾机boomsprayer装有横喷杆或竖喷杆的喷雾机。3.3.15担架式喷雾机stretchermountedsprayer由人抬着作业或转移的机动喷雾机。3.3.16喷雾喷粉机sprayer–duster既可以喷雾,又可以喷粉的机具。3.3.17背负式(气力)喷雾喷粉机power–operatedknapsackair–blastsprayer–duster由操作者背负,采用气力喷雾、喷粉原理的机动喷雾喷粉机。3.3.18手持电动离心喷雾机hand–carried,battery–operatedcentrifugalsprayer由微型电动机驱动,手持作业的离心喷雾机。3.3.19静电喷雾机electrostaticsprayer用于静电喷雾的机具。3.3.20烟雾机aerosolsprayer喷施烟雾的喷雾机具。3.3.21热烟雾机thermalaerosolsprayerJB/T7875-19994靠热能产生烟雾的热力喷雾机具。3.3.22常温烟雾机coldaerosolsprayer靠气力或机械方法在常温下产生烟雾的机具。3.4喷头及其零部件3.4.1液力喷头hydraulicenergynozzle具有小孔的零件或组件,液体在压力下通过小孔形成雾流。注:在不致引起误解情况下,本术语可简称为喷头。3.4.2圆锥雾喷头conenozzle液体旋转着流过喷头,产生圆锥雾流的液力喷头。3.4.3实心圆锥雾喷头solidconenozzle在与喷头轴线相垂直的平面上,沉积的雾滴呈实心圆形分布的圆锥雾喷头。3.4.4空心圆锥雾喷头hollowconenozzle在与喷头轴线相垂直的平面上,沉积的雾滴呈空心圆形(环形)分布的圆锥雾喷头。3.4.5切向进液喷头side–entryhollowconenozzle液流由喷头体内的切向通道进入涡流室而产生旋转运动的空心圆锥雾喷头。3.4.6狭缝喷头slitnozzle扇形雾喷头fannozzle具有狭缝状喷孔、产生扁平雾流的液力喷头。3.4.7双扇形雾喷头doublefannozzle双狭缝喷头doubleslitnozzle具有两个狭缝状喷孔的扇形雾喷头。3.4.8偏心扇形雾喷头off–centrefannozzle偏心狭缝喷头off–centreslitnozzle喷雾角和雾量分布相对于喷头中心线不对称的扇形雾喷头。3.4.9导流喷头deflectornozzle撞击式喷头impactnozzle具有导流面,产生扁平雾流的液力喷头。3.4.10液流撞击喷头impingingstreamnozzle利用两股或多股液流相互撞击而产生雾流的液力喷头。3.4.11组合喷头multiple–nozzlecluster由多个同类液力喷头组合成一体能同时喷雾的喷头。3.4.12可调喷头adjustablenozzle无需更换零件即可调节雾流特性的液力喷头。3.4.13气力喷头air–blastnozzle两相流喷头twinfluidnozzle利用高速气流对喷雾液的作用而产生雾流的装置。JB/T7875-199953.4.14离心喷头centrifugalenergynozzle利用工作部件旋转的动能使液体分散成雾流的装置。3.4.15调向喷头directionalnozzle能改变雾流方向的喷头。3.4.16截流喷头shut–offnozzle装有截流装置的喷头。3.4.17快速转换喷头t
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