影响管线钢应力腐蚀破裂的力学和材料因素

1,2,1,2(1.,200030;2.,200437):(SCC),SCC,R()SCC,,SCC,SCC:;;;;;;:TG142.41;TG172.8:A:100023738(2002)0420001205TheFactorsofMechanicsandMaterialsInfluencingStressCorrosionCrackingofPipelineSteelsGUOHao1,2,CAIXun1,YANGWu2(1.ShanghaiJiaotongUniversity,Shanghai200030;2.ShanghaiResearchInstituteofMaterials,Shanghai200437,China)Abstract:Thetypesandcharacteristicsofstresscorrosioncracking(SCC)ofpipelinesteelsareintroduced.ThefactorsofmechanicsandmaterialsinfluencingSCCofpipelinesteelsarediscussed.Regardingmechanics,theimportanteffectsofmaximunoperationalstress,R(ratioofminimumtomaximumpressure),residualstressandstrainrateonSCCareanalyzed.Astomaterials,thechemicalcompositionsandmicrostructuresofdifferentpipelinesteelsareintroduced,andtheirrolesinSCCbehaviorarealsodiscussed.Keywords:pipelinesteel;stresscorrosioncracking;stress;strainrate;material;chemicalcomposition;mi2crostructure1,30%40%,(SCC),1965Louisiana()SCC,CO2-3/HCO-3,pH9.5,SCC(IGSCC),:2001212231;:2002203201:(G19990650):(1971-),,,():,,7()6()1985SCC,pH7.5,SCC(TGSCC),,[1,2],4200km,1100,SCC,2IGSCCTGSCC2.1IGSCCTGSCCSCCIGSCCTGSCCIGSCC:SCC,SCC,pH,CO2-3-HCO-3[3,4]TGSCC:2080,TransCanada126420024MaterialsforMechanicalEngineeringVol.26No.4Apr.2002©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.PipeLinesLtd(TCPL)TGSCC,SCCpH,pHSCC[2],,NOVA,pHSCC[5]IGSCCTGSCC:SCC,,(L/d),L/d50200,[5]IGSCCTGSCC:1IGSCCTGSCC1IGSCCTGSCC[6,7]Table1ComparisonbetweenIGSCCandTGSCCofpipelinesteels[6,7]IGSCCTGSCC20kmSCC,,SCC,,CO2pH(811)CO2-3-HCO-3CO2-3pH(5.58)HCO-3(),(),,2.2IGSCCTGSCC,Fe2CO3,CO2-3-HCO-3IGSCC-pH30,pHSCC,TGSCCIGSCC,TGSCCSCC(),SCC,,,,,,TGSCC(CERT)(SSRT),SCC[8]3SCC3.13.1.1,(SCC),3.1.2SCC,SCC,,,;SCC,,,11[7]Fig.1Stressesinpipeline[7],,,SCCSCC,1977SCCAlberta,,206SCC,SCC,19741991[6],,SCCSCC,,()SCC2,:©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,,3.1.3(1),,(),,(2):R(R=Pmin/Pmax,P)(SR):0.0230.00125Hz();0.0120.00069Hz():10%50%SMYS()();45%SMYS()R,90%R0.9,R0.750.8;,10%R=0.7,R,,R()R,R,0.83,0.25[9,10](3)(R)SCCSCC,(CANMET),90%SMYSR0.6,R0.4,,SCCRSCC,,,,,SCC,,(1Hz)+SCC,,,,,,,,3.1.4(1),SCC,(),th(KISCC),th(KISCC),SCC,,,2,,th(KISCC),SCC,Li[11](KISCC),2CO2-3-HCO-3,[12],,,2IGSCCTGSCC[12]Fig.2DiagramindicatingtheeffectsofloadingparametersonTGSCCandIGSCC[12](2)SCCNOVA(NRTC),40%100%SMYS,2%,SCCSCC,,,,,3,:©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.(3)SCCSCC[10],SCC25%77%SMYS60%SMYS,,60%SMYS38%60%SMYS,,SCC,,,,,,,,SCC3.1.5,,SCC,,10-9/s,,10-6/s(SR)SCC(CGR)(10-8s-120s-1)CGRSR,SR,IGSCCTGSCC(logCGRvslogSR),IGSCC0.50.7;TGSCC0.20.3SR,IGSCC,[13],,t:=lnt+(1)(t=0)1t,:d/dt=/t(2)2,CGRSR,CGRSCC,,,,,,,SCC3.2SCC3.2.1:,,CMnSi,,,,2060X52,70X60X65,X70,X80IPSCOX90X100,X100,X12022[14]Table2Comparisonofstrengthoftypicalpipelinesteels[14]YS/MPaUTS/MPaX52437538X60/X65480588X70545642X80550643656737X100690739792887,+,+,33.2.2(1)pHSCC,Beavers[3]TGSCC(,,)pHSCC,Hunt[18]PSCuSCCParkins[12]Ti4,:©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.3[1417]Table3Chemicalcompositionsandmicrostructuresofpipelinesteels[1417]C/wt%Mn/wt%X520.161.32Si-Ni-Cr-Nb--AlF+PX600.091.27Si-Cr-Mo-Ni-Nb-VF+PX650.071.36Si-Ni-Cr-Nb-AlF+PX65QT0.081.29Si-Nb-Al-MoBFX65TMCP0.051.31Si-Nb-Ti-Al-Ni-Cu-VBFX70TMCP0.0411.76Si-Ti-Nb-Cu-Mo-Al-Ca-Cr-V-NF+F/BX80TMCP0.0331.82Si-Ti-Nb-Cu-Mo-Al-Ca-Cr-V-NF+F/BX100TMCP0.081.85Mo-Nb-Ti-V-Cu-Ni-NB+M:F-,P-,B-,BF-,M-,QT-,TMCP-pHSCC,MoCrNi,ParkinspHSCC(2)pH,Beavers,TGSCC;,SCCKushida[17],pH,,BFBF+PSCCSCC:BFBF+PF+P,R,SCC;BF,R,SCCJeffrey[19]X70SCC,,SCCSCC,SCC,SCC,,SCC,Beavers(HAZ)pHSCCpHSCCAsahi[20],IGSCC,SCC,BF+PSCCKushidapHSCC(3)SCC,,,SCC,,,;,SCC,,,,SCC4(1)SCC(),SCC(2)(3),SCC,,(4)SCC,,.(5),pHSCCpHSCC,pHSCC,:[1]KentishPJ.Gaspipelinefailures:Australianexpericence[J].BrCorrosJ,1985,20(3):139146.[2]BurkeDelanty,etal.MajorfieldstudycomparespipelineSCCwithcoatings[J].Oil&GasJournal,1992,June15:3944.[3]JohnABeavers,etal.Materialsfactorsinfluencingtheinitiationofnear-neutralpHSCConundergroundpipelines[R].2000In2ternationalPipelineConference-Volume2,ASME2000:979988.[4]GuB,etal.TransgranularstresscorrosioncrackingofX-80andX-52pipelinesteelsindiluteaqueoussolutionwithnear-neutralpH[J].Corrosion,1999,55(3):312319.[5]CarlEJaske,etal.ReviewandproposedimprovementofafailuremodelforSCCofpipelines[R].1998InternationalPipelineCon2ference-Volume1,ASME1998:439445.[6]RobertLSutherby,etal.TheCEPAreportoncircumferential(10)5,:©1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.:[1]SethBB.SuperalloysTheUtilityGasTurbinePerspective[A].InPollockTMetal.edSuperalloys2000[C].Warren2dale,PA:TMS,2000,318.[2]FarmerR.See57%netefficiencycombinedcyclespoweredby2400)3Aseriesturbines[J].GasTurbineWorld,1995,Jan/Feb:1828.[3]MyauganI.SingleAxisCombinedCyclePlantofSiemens[A].In28thgasturbineseminartext[C].Tokyo:GasTurbineSocietyofJapan,2000,101110.[4]YamagataT,etal.DevelopmentofSuperalloysforIndustrialGasTurbineandJetEngineApplications[A].InOne2daySymposiumonHighTemperatureMaterials2000[C].TsukubaJapan:Na2tionalResearchInstituteforMetals,2000,1518.[5]ZhengY,etal.EffectofRuAdditiononCastNickelBaseSuper2al