北京大气颗粒物污染本地源与外来源的区分

B2005,35(3):237~246237*Mg/Al**(,100875;,200433;,100029),.,Mg/Al.,,(TSP)32%~67%,(PM2.5)10%~70%,74%90%.,.TSP62%(38%~86%),PM1069%(52%~90%),PM2.576%(59%~93%);TSP69%(52%~83%),PM1079%(52%~93%),PM2.545%(7%~79%);,~20%.,.97%,.2004-09-03,2005-03-18*(:29837190,30230310,2007700420477004)(:8991002,8041003)(20010027017)(LAPC)SwedishInternationalDevelopmentCooperationAgency(SIDA)**,E-mail:[e-mail].,.1000~3000Tg[1,2],.800Tg[3],(~1500Tg)[4,5]50%,,.SCIENCEINCHINASer.BChemistry238B35,,,[6~8].[9].,(),,[10~14]..,.2000~2002,[15].Zhang[16]2001,45%~82%.He[17],PM2.511%~12%.,[18],,.,,..30,,,,,.,,[19~21]..,.,,.11.11.1.1:,;;,.(TSP/PM10/PM2.5)-2WhatmanWhatman41TSP,PM10PM2.5..Sartorius2004MP,.,.1.1.2..,,.1.,(200500,),.1.2JOBIN-YVONULTIMA(ICP-AES)23,[10].,(TBW07401),,1.22.1Al,,SCIENCEINCHINASer.BChemistry323911TBW07401/µg·g−1/µg·g−1S310±100322±48Cr62±667±6Zn680±39723±81Sr155±10185±9.0Pb98±8111±9.0Ni20.4±2.726.6±3.3Cd4.3±0.64.8±0.6Fe36330±91031040±3443Mn1760±981605±150Mg10860±72010014±602V86±688±8Ca12886±57111242±940Cu21±220±1.5Ti4830±2504750±188Al75051±111271374±4998.ScTi,Sc,,Ti.Al.,Al7%,Zhang[16]Al7%.Al8%[22],,,.Al(8%)(C),C=CAl/8%.2PM2.5,TSP.22001~2003().22,,.20023TSP1038µg·m-3,74µg·m-314,142µg·m-31.,,,,,,,,2002320~322,1717µg·m-3,23,~30%()PM2.5TSP/µg·m−3/µg·m−3/%/µg·m−3/µg·m−3/%2001474.6(280.6)142.8(64.5)31.8(8.9)37212.6(285.6)158.5(224.7)69.6(25.8)231410.1(2391.5)1037.7(1901.1)67.0(13.7)28535.9(514.5)442.3(360.8)89.9(10.5)52272.4(3045.0)1717.2(2425.0)73.9(12.1)1579.6(49.6)7.0(3.4)15.8(18.0)62224.6(119.1)73.6(46.2)34.0(15.9)242002150.8(97.9)12.0(6.9)10.4(8.4)63111.6(92.4)12.1(10.8)17.0(16.5)22362.4(240.3)162.3(82.2)53.8(23.6)262003107.3(45.6)6.8(3.0)6.8(2.4)20238.2(89.5)76.1(27.7)32.6(5.1)202TSPPM2.574%..TSP,~15%,90%,7.0µg·m−3442µg·m−3,66..SCIENCEINCHINASer.BChemistry3241.2.2,.,:(1),,;(2),;(3),,[23].,,,,MgAl(Mg/Al)(3)MgAl(),.3Mg/AlMg/Al0.450.150.12PM2.50.16TSP0.130.230.21[25]0.16[26]0.22[26]0.19[26]0.29[25]0.290.26[26]0.26[26]2.3Mg/Al,,,.,.Rahn[24].X,X=X+X+X,(1),X,(1)X=X+X.(2)AlS,,X:Al,S,(2)X=Al(X/Al)+S(X/S),(3)X/Al=(X/Al)+(S/Al)(X/S).(4),.(4),log(X/Al)=log[(X/Al)+(S/Al)(X/S)],(5)log(X/Al)=log(X/Al)+log[1+R(S/Al)],(6)R=(X/S)/(X/Al).S,S0,,S/Al0,(6):log(X/Al)→log(X/Al)=.(7),(X/Al)(S/Al),S/Al0,(X/Al)(S/Al),,(X/Al),(X/Al).Al..,.342002PM10PM2.5.,PM10Mg/Al,0.30~0.50,[24],(Mg/Al)0.38;PM2.5,0.31~0.45,(X/Al)0.38.PM10PM2.5Mg/AlMg/Al0.28.,Mg/Al,.PM10Mg/Al0.18~0.30,0.22,PM2.50.22~0.43,0.32.,4.3PM10PM2.5Mg/Al4PM10PM2.5Mg/Al2.4Mg/Al,..(EF,enrichmentfactor):EF=[X/Al]/[X/Al],Al[22],[X/Al]XAl,[X/Al]Al.5.,Ca,Al,Fe,Mg,Na,Ti,MnCo5,.Zn,S,As,Pb,Cd,.,,SCIENCEINCHINASer.BChemistry32434Mg/Al(%)[Mg]/[Al]/%TSPMP10MP2.5TSPPM10PM2.5[Mg]/[Al][Mg]/[Al][Mg]/[Al]20010.250.21~0.30−−−−6951.7~82.8−−−−0.270.20~0.340.250.19~0.300.230.18~0.2862.137.9~86.269.051.7~89.775.958.6~93.10.240.17~0.300.240.22~0.250.240.23~0.2672.451.7~96.672.469.0∼79.372.465.5~75.920020.360.33~0.410.380.30~0.500.380.31~0.453113.8~41.424.10∼51.724.10~48.3−−0.220.18~0.300.320.22~0.43−−79.351.7~93.144.86.9~79.30.340.30~0.400.30.26~0.330.280.22~0.3337.917.2~51.751.741.4~65.558.641.4~79.320030.420.39~0.44−−0.40.34~0.4210.33.5~20.7−−17.210.3~37.9,,.,Zn,S1,.Pb,As,Cd,.56(30µm).Ca,Al,Fe,Mg,Na,Ti,Mn.,Ca,Fe,Mn,Co,Cu,Ni,Pb,As,(,,,).7MgAl.,,MgAl,;Mg/Al0.28~0.61,1~2,(Mg/Al=~0.14),.T-Test,P=0.0000.05,95%Mg/Al.,MgAl,.,Mg/Al.Mg/Al(0.45).2.5Mg/Al.,,70µm,.91.4%,15.6%7.2%[25].,.,,,.(0.21)(0.23),Mg/Al(0.19)Mg/Al(0.22),Mg/Al(0.29)Mg/Al(0.16)Mg/Al(0.26).Mg/Al.,.,(0.21)(0.12)Mg/Al(0.16),.2.6X,Y.,,:(Mg/Al)=X×(Mg/Al)+Y×(Mg/Al),(8)X+Y=1.(9)(8),(Mg/Al)Mg/Al,(Mg/Al)(Mg/Al)Mg/Al(2.3,2.42.5).(8),(9):(Mg/Al)(Mg/Al),(Mg/Al)(Mg/Al)X−=−(10)(Mg/Al)(Mg/Al).(Mg/Al)(Mg/Al)Y−=−(11)Mg/Al,,4.2002,,~70%.320~322,TSP97%,PM10PM2.579%76%.,,.2003,50%,2002.2003,,,.,.PM10,~79%;PM2.5,,~45%~55%.,,,PM2.5PM10.,PM10PM2.5,,~80%,~20%.,,,,,,,,,,,,.3(1),(TSP)32%~67%,(PM2.5)10%~70%.,,,TSPPM2.574%90%.(2)Mg/Al.,Mg/Al.(3).TSP62%(38%~86%),PM1069%(52%~90%),PM2.576%(59%~93%);TSP69%(52%~83%),PM1079%(52%~93%),PM2.545%(7%~79%);,~20%.97%,.1JonasP,CharlsonR,RodheH.Aerosols.In:HoughtonJT,etal.eds.ClimateChange1994.NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress,1995.92~1282d’AlmeidaGA.Onthevariabilityofdesertaerosolradiativchar-acteristics.JGeophysRes,1987,92:3017~30263ZhangXY,ArimotoR,AnZS.DustemissionfromChinesede-sertsourceslinkedtovariationsinatmosphericcirculation.Jour-nalofGeophysicalResearch,1997,102:28041~28047[DOI]4AndreaeMO.Climateeffectsofchangingatmosphericaerosollevels.In:Henderson-SellersA,ed.WorldSurveyofClimatology:FutureClimatesoftheWorld.NewYork:Elsevier,1995.341~3925DuceRA.Sources,distributionsandfluxesofmineralaerosolsandtheirrelationshiptoclimate.In:HeintzenbergJ,ed.AerosolForcingofClimate.NewYork:JohnWiley&SonsLtd,1995.43~726UematsuM,DuceRA,ProsperoJM,etal.TransportofmineralaerosolfromAsiaovertheNorthPacificOcean.JournalofGeo-physicalResea