咸阳市区街道灰尘重金属污染及评价

283200905PROGRESSINGEOGRAPHYVol.28,No.3May,2009：2008-07；：2009-01.：（40801008）；(06JK165)；（07XSYK211）。：（1975-），。，，。E-mail:[e-mail]435-4401,21（1.，712000；2.，710062）：。，，Pb、Cd、Cu，。。：，Cu1~5.8；Cd0~1.7；Pb0~2.6。，Cd，Cu，Pb。，。：；；1，[1]。，，，，，[2]。2070，Dayetall《》“”，“”[3]。90[4-6]，，。：，[6]；，Pb，[7]。，：、、、，Zn、Co、Ni、Pb、Cd，[8,9]。，，，(CdPb)，(、)[9,10]。，，，[7,11]。，，，、、、。Hakanson1980，[12]。，T，，、，、[13-15]。。。，，。，，（Pb、Cu、Cd），，，。2822.114（1），：、、、；：、；：、；：、、、、、。20083-5，，，4(、)，。，100m2，300g，1。2.20.2g，，HNO3-HF-HCLO41Tab1DetailedinformationofthesamplingsitesinXianyangcity
min 1.N34°22.533E108°39.9048142.N31°21.981E108°40.411812!#$!3.%&’N34°21.343E108°41.304913()*+,4.-./N34°20.586E108°41.899601225.3456N34°20.325E108°42.3760114786.789N34°20.071E108°43.674212:;787.=?,N34°19.295E108°44.904920@ABC*DEF8.GHIN34°18.875E108°46.3841062JK9.L8MN34°21.842E108°47.051310NODPQPR10.ST0UN34°20.438VE108°44.084738W!XY11.Z[?,N34°19.292E108°39.789011020\]12.^_6‘aN34°19.816E108°41.98501856b%13.cdeN34°20.438E108°44.0841017fg14.hijklN34°18.942E108°42.107328mno4363：，（novAA400），1-14，；0.2g，。33.12，[20]。PbCd，Cu，Cu，PbCd。、、，Pb、Zn，Cu(3)。3.2，1-14(2)。，。CuPb、Cd。Cu1~5.8，Cu，5.8~55，，Cu；CdPb，Cd0~1.7，1.7~2.1，，；Pb0~2.6，、、，2.6~3.8。，Pb、Cu、Cd，。12，：。5、1112，，，、，，。2、3、13，(1)。，。4，，。3.33.3.1(Cif):Cif=CiCin(1)(Eir)Eir=Tir*Cif(2)(RI)：2Tab.2ContentofheavymetalsinstreetsurfacedustinXianyangcity3/(mg/kg)Tab.3ComparisonsonthetotalheavymetalcontentsbetweenXianyangandothercitiesinstreetdust
CdCuPb(mg/kg)0.0968.8223.44(mg/kg)0.201212.5897.63 (mg/kg)0.13177.1952.73(%)45.13162.4221.530.0932.0021.40
()CdCuPb 199854480009239220875520041700000017661284443199560889015.2572.39140.2200672040002.2915.0446.96204.2962.76509.4820089900000.09~0.268.82~1212.5823.44~97.6343728RI=miΣEir=miΣTir*Cif=miΣTirCiCin(3)：Ci，Cin，。Hakanson，Pb、Cd、CuTir5，30，5[12]。4。3.3.2(1)-(3)，、4(5)。3，5。14，、92.86%，7.14%，、。，，。3.3.3，Pb0~10，10~20。Cu0~20，20~40，40~300。Cd0~40，40~50，50~60。[21]，EirRIEir40RI150(1)40≤Eir80150≤RI300(2)80≤Eir160300≤RI600(3)160≤Eir320RI≥600(4)RI≥320(5)Eir()RI()PBCdCu10.14()40.24()39.55()89.93()4Eir,RITab.4RelationshipofEir,RIandpollutionlevel5Tab.5ClassificationoftheheavymetalecologicalriskindexsinstreetsurfacedustofXianyangcity4383：(3-5)。53-5，，Cd，。Cu，Pb，，PbCd，，Cu，。3RI，RI，Cd。RI，(6)。6，，，，，。，。：60%[21]，。3.3.4，，：、（Pb），，，。，，，，Cu。。，。4(1)Pb、Cu、Cd，，。，。、、。，，。，。(2)，，，。Cd，,CuPb。。[1],.,.,2007,18(5):1155-1160.[2]HarrisonR,YinM,etal.Particulatematterintheatmo-sphere:Whichparticlepropertiesareimportantforitsef-fectsonhealth?.ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment，2000,249:85-101.[3]DayJP,HartM,RobinsonSM.Leadinurbanstreetdust.Nature,1975,253:343-345.[4],..,2004,8(2):46-49.[5]..,1991,12(3):18-23.[6]..,1995,8(3):25-29.[7],,..,2000,23(30):300-304.[8]..：，1993:171-173.[9],..,2006,25(4):49-54.[10].、、.，2004,18(8):112-117.[11]HanDY,CenK,GongQJ.Cu,PbandZncontentsin6RIFig.6SpatialdistributionofheavymetalsRIinstreetsurfacedustofXianyangcity43928roaddustsinparksandtheirpollutionassessmentinBei-jing.ResearchofEnvironmentalScience,2004,12(2):10-13.[12]HakansonLars.Anecologicalrishindexforaquaticpollu-tioncontrol:Asedimentologicalapproach.WaterRe-search,1980,14(8):975-101.[13]MielkeHW,GonzalesCR,SmithMK,etal.Theurbanenvironmentandchildren’shealth:Soilsasintegratoroflead,zinc,andcadmiuminNewOrleans,Louisiana,U.S.A.EnvironmentalResearch,1999,81(2):117-129.[14],,,..,2005,25(1):108-112.[15],,..,2006,19(4):40-43.[16]，，,..2008,17(2):560-564.[17]CharlesworthS,EverettM,McCarthyR,etal.Acompara-tivestudyofheavymetalconcentrationanddistributionindepositedstreetdustsinalargeandasmallurbanarea:BirminghamandCoventry,WestMidlands,UK.Environ-mentInternational,2003,29(5):563-573.[18]..:,2005:17-66.[19]..:,2003:37.[20]..:,1990:87-496.[21],，,..,2007,27(5):613-6118.StreetSurfaceDustHeavyMetalPollutionStateandAssessmentinXianyangCitySHIXingmin,WANGJianhui(1.DepartmentofResourceEnvironmentandUrbanScience,XianyangNormalCollege,Xianyang712000,Shaanxi,China;2.CollegeofTourismandEnvironmentScience,ShaanxiNormalUniversity,Xi’an710062,China)Abstract：Urbanstreetdustisoneoftheimportantindicatorsthatreflectsstatusofurbanenvironmentalpollution.ThedustsampleswerecollectedinthedistrictoftrafficcrossroadsinXianyangcity.Theexperimentusedatomicabsorptionspectrometrytomeasurelead,cadmiumandcopperofthedustcontent.SpatialtechniquewasappliedtostudythecontentlevelandthespatialdistributioncharacterofheavymetalpollutioninstreetsurfacedustofXianyangcity.Geochemicalmapsofheavymetals(Cd,Cu,Pb)inthestreetsurfacedustwereproducedbasedonandadoptingHakansonsuggestedpotentialecologicalriskindextechniquetoassessthepotentialecologicalriskofheavymetalsinstreetsurfacedust,andutilizinggeographicalinformationsystem(GIS)techniquetodrawupthespatialdistributionmapofassessmentresults.TheresultsshowedthatthemajorityofheavymetalsinthedustexceededthesoilbackgroundvalueinXianyangcitystreets.The