国际控制SO2排放的成功经验以及对我国SO2控制的政策建议

SO2SO21(100038)SO2SO2SO2SO2SO2SO2SuccessfulexperienceonSO2controllingindevelopedcountriesandpolicysuggestiontoOurSO2emissioncontrollingZhuSongli(EnergyResearchInstituteofNationalDevelopmentandReformCommission,Beijing,100038)Abstract:SO2emissionisoneofmainfactorsbadlyinfluencingsustainableandhealthyeconomicgrowthinChina.ThispaperfirstreviewstheimplementationstatusofSO2policyin“Tenth-five-year”plan,thengivespolicysuggestionstoSO2policyfornext“five-year”planafteranalyzingsuccessfulexperienceonSO2reductionindevelopedcountries.Ontheonehand,goodpracticesshowthegoalsofbothSO2reductionandeconomicgrowthcouldbeachievedsynchronously;ontheotherhand,itisahardjobtoreduceSO2emissionundercurrentsituationinChina.Exceptoptimizationofeconomicandenergystructure,policiesinnext“five-year”planshouldfocusmoreonenergyefficiencypromotionanddisseminationofFGD.Itisveryimportanttoextentenvironmentinvestment,expanddemandandencouragethedevelopmentofenvironmentalindustry.Keywords:SulfurDioxidePolicysuggestionFGDTotalamountcontrolEmissiontrade(SO2)2003SO221.5980200212SO2SO21100GDP3SO2SO2SO21SO22005SO2200010202120101(1970-),20SO2200510[1-2]20202010251300SO2SO21);2)SO23)SO24)(GB13223-2003);5)SO2SO2SO26)2SO2SO2SO220002002“”SO21316.41148.8167.6SO219951926.668.5SO2“”133022202002181293“”(1)SO21SO2SO21)GDP9%;2)3)5SO2()SO219972002SO2SO2emission(10000t)050010001500200025002000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920203SO2SO2SO23.1(1950-1970)SO2500SO2(2)()(FGD)SO2[3]195519651955501965271958196719662.6%19731.43%FGDFGDFGD2SO2()315SO2()FDG19706500197417.1GDP2%GDP6.5%18SO27000GDP1.3%1.442800SO296.7GDP0.18SO23.2051015202530351960196219641966196819701972197419761978198019821984198619881990199219941996FGD0246810121990199119921993199419951996199719981999FGD199020002.5%,10GDP23SO2604851251754[4-5]SO2()SO2SO21990199916SO260FGDSO26020%,1010(3)SO2SO2EU-II500ppm,EU-IV50ppmEU-V1EUIIEUIIIEUIVEUV(ppm)500350500SO240SO210.929.55.2%SO2SO2FGDFGD,FGDSO2SO23.4SO267(2002)19902010SO219808952003SO21060198038[6](42003SO220024)17.316.115.711.912.51313.112.511.210.610.210.602468101214161820198019851990199519961997199819992000200120022003SO2emission(Mt)4SO2SO219952003SO22003215/SO2[7-8]20032900SO2SO2200/420200571620SO2(800/t)4SO2SO2SO2SO2SO2FGDFGDGDPSO2SO20.5%SO2SO2SO21)SO22)SO23)40%70%4)CO2SO2CO25)[9]6)SO27)SO2SO2SO28)SO2NOxNOxNOx[1][J]2004412152931[2](2003)[M],2004[3]CommitteeonJapan’sexperienceinthebattleagainstairpollution(CJEBAP),1997,Japan’sexperienceinthebattleagainstairpollution[M].Japan:Pollution-relatedhealthdamagecompensationandpreventionAssociation[4]AEATechnologyEnvironment,2002,EnergyandEnvironmentinEuropeanUnion,EnvironmentIssueReport,No.31,EuropeanEnvironmentAgency.[http:],(Jan.11,2004)[5]LarssenS.,AdamaK.J.,BarrettM.,BolscherV.,LeeuwF.andPullesT.,2003,AirPollutioninEuropean:1990-2000,EuropeanEnvironmentAgency.[http:],(Nov.15,2004)[6]EnvironmentProtectionAgency(EPA),2004,AcidRainProgram-2003progressreport,[].(Jan.4,2005)[7]SvendsenG.T.,DaugbiergC.,HjøllundL.,PedersenA.B.,2001,Consumers,industrialistsandthepoliticaleconomyofgreentaxation:CO2taxationinOECE[J],EnergyPolicy,29(2001):489-497[8]RiahiK.,RubinE.S.,TaylorM.R.,SchrattenholzerL.,HounshellD.,2004,Technologicallearningforcarboncaptureandsequestrationtechnologies[J],EnergyEconomics26(2004)539-564[9][J]200531011B-140710003801063908457Email:[e-mail]