我国高温材料的应用与发展

(,100083):5501100,2:;;;:TG132.3:A:100023738(2004)0120002207TheDevelopmentandApplicationofHighTemperatureMaterialsinChinaXIEXi2shan(UniversityofScience&TechnologyBeijing,Beijing100083,China)Abstract:Inthepasthalfcentury,Chinahasdevelopedandformedherownsystemofhightemperaturematerialsforpower,petro2chemical,transportation,aviationandaero2spaceindustriesinthetemperaturerangefrom550to1100.Thesehightemperaturematerialsincludeheat2resistingsteels,iron2basenickel2iron2base,nickel2base,titanium2basealloys,intermetallicsandalsosuper2hightemperaturetungsten2baserefractoryalloys.Someachievementsinalloystrengtheningandtoughening,newtechnologies,alloymodificationandnewalloydevelopmentarealsodiscussedinthispaper.Keywords:heat2resistingsteel;hightemperaturealloy;titanium2basealloy;tungsten2basealloy120506000kW,,,,,2(3.5MPa/435)(),(16.5MPa/550/55016.5MPa/538/566)3060kW,(2425MPa/538/566):2003202217;:2003207206:(1935-),,,,,,[1]:(1)600(),12Cr1MoV12Cr2MoWVTiB;6006259%12%(,),10Cr9Mo1VNb(T91);650,1Cr19Ni9(TP304H)1Cr19Ni11Nb(TP347H)(1)(2)12%(2)(3)Cr2Ni2Mo2VCr2Mo2V(3)(4)25Cr2MoV25Cr2Mo1V50055025Cr2Mo1V57020Cr1Mo1VTiB20Cr1Mo1VNbTiB,228120041MaterialsforMechanicalEngineeringVol.28No.1Jan.200412%;Refractory26Ni2Cr2Co,GH4145,(4)1(,%)Tab.1ChemicalcompositionsoftypicalhightemperatureboilertubesteelsinChina(mass,%)CSiMnPSCrNiMoWVNbTiBN12Cr1MoV0.080.150.170.370.400.700.0350.0350.901.20-0.250.35-0.150.30----12Cr2MoWVTiB(102)0.080.150.450.750.400.650.0350.0351.62.1-0.500.650.300.550.280.42-0.080.180.008-10Cr9Mo1VNb(T91)0.080.120.200.500.300.600.0200.0108.09.9-0.851.05-0.180.250.060.10--0.030.071Cr19Ni9(TP304H)0.040.101.02.00.0350.0308.011.018.020.0-------1Cr19Ni11Nb(TP347H)0.040.101.02.00.0350.0309.013.017.020.2---Ta+Nb/8C1.0--2(,%)Tab.2ChemicalcompositionsoftypicalturbinebucketmaterialsinChina(mass,%)CSiMnPSNiCrMoWVCuTiNbN1Cr130.151.01.00.030.030.611.513.5-------2Cr130.160.240.60.60.030.030.612.014.0---0.3---1Cr12Mo0.100.150.50.30.60.030.030.30.611.513.00.30.6--0.3---1Cr11MoV0.120.180.50.600.030.030.6010.011.50.50.7-0.250.400.30---1Cr12W1MoV0.110.180.50.500.900.030.030.40.811.013.00.50.70.71.100.150.300.30---2Cr12Ni2W1Mo1V0.120.60.500.400.800.030.032.22.610.512.51.01.41.01.40.150.30-0.05--0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb0.0551.00.50.0350.033.84.515.016.0---3.03.70.050.150.950.053(,%)Tab.3ChemicalcompositionsofseveralturbinerotorsteelsinChina(mass,%)CSiMnPSNiCrMoVCuAlSnAs25Cr2NiMoV0.220.280.150.350.70.90.0150.0151.01.21.72.00.750.950.030.090.20---30Cr2NIi4MoV0.370.140.170.430.020.023.84.21.752.050.280.620.200.300.22-0.0170.02530Cr1Mo1V0.250.360.180.370.661.040.020.020.531.01.40.981.320.200.300.170.0120.017-4(,%)Tab.4ChemicalcompositionsofseveralhightemperatureturbinefasteneralloysinChina(mass,%)CSiMnPSNiCrFeMoNbVTiAlB25Cr2MoV0.220.290.170.470.50.80.030.030.351.501.800.250.35-0.250.30---25Cr2Mo1V0.220.290.200.400.50.80.030.030.352.102.500.901.11-0.300.50---20Cr1Mo1VNbTiB0.170.230.400.600.40.650.030.030.350.91.300.751.00.110.250.500.700.050.14-0.05GH41450.080.350.350.150.17014.017.05.09.00.701.200.701.20-2.252.750.41.00.013:31956,40a,,100[2]GH/;K;FGH14750800;1000;900950,DD310001100h=350MPaFig.1DevelopmentoftypicaldiskalloysinChina2100h=40MPaFig.2DevelopmentoftypicalcumbustoralloysinChina3100h=200MPaFig.3DevelopmentofwroughtbladealloysinChina4100h=200MPaFig.4DevelopmentofcastbladealloysinChina,3.1,,(900950)GH22015%,WASPALOY;GH3128GH170,9501000HAYNES1883.2,p,,GH4871(A2286)2%0.4%0.5%0.6%[3];GH41332.5%3.0%0.7%1.2%1.5%GH413370053.3,,GH4133A,6p/MC/p,,K417,73.4,,[9,10]89INCOENL718,(0101%)3.5()[11],20256K38GK438(IN738)4:(a)pp(b)5GH4133Fig.5ThenoleofNbinGH4133(a)distributionofNbinvariousphasesanditseffectonlongrangeorderofpphase(b)measuredandcalculatedYSincrement6GH4133Fig.6TheeffectofMgoncreepofGH4133alloy,()K438,,7DSRene125DSRene1257K417Fig.7ThesegregationbehaviourofMgatgrainboundariesandinterfacesinK417alloy8INCONEL718650686MPaFig.8TheeffectofPonstressrupturelifeandductilityofINCONEL718alloy9INCOENL718Fig.9TheeffectofPoncreepofINCOENL718alloy(LS125)3.6,[12,13],86K438K38GTab.6AcomparisonofconventionalcastK438andlowsegregationK38Galloy,%1000h/MPaCCrNiCoWMoAlTiBZrNbTa7009001000K4380.15168.52.61.83.53.250.010.10.81.75628177-K38G1)0.17168.52.51.743.60.010.10.71.768620184:1)K38G(0.0005%)(0.007%)(0.05%)5:7DSRene125DSRene125(LS125)(,%)Tab.7ChemicalcompositionsofconventionalDSRene125andlowsegregationDSRene125(LS125)(mass,%)CCrNiCoWMoAlTiTaHfBZrPSiRene950.11910724.82.53.81.80.0150.10.0050.5LS1250.11910724.82.53.8---0.00050.058(,%)Tab.8Chemicalcompositions(mass,%)andstressrupturestrengthsofsometypicalDSsuperalloysinChinaCCrNiCoWMoAlTiTaNbHfBZr1000h/MPa7609801040DZ30.110.55.25.24.35.72.6---0.0150.10671--DZ40.139.55.75.53.96.01.9---0.0180.02677152112DZ50.1110.210.05.03.85.52.5---0.0150.1---DZ220.149.010.012-5.02.0--1.50.0150.168811873DZ38G0.1116.08.52.61.73.9-1.70.7-0.01----9DD3DD6CMSX22CMSX24(%)Fig.9ChemicalcompositionsofDD3,DD6andCMSX22CMSX24alloys(mass,%)CrCoMoWTaReNbAlTiHfNi/kgcm-3CMSX22850.686--5.51.0-8.56DD39.5545.5---5.82.0-8.2CMSX246.590.666.53-5.61.00.18.70DD64.39287.52