BS 499-1-1991 Welding terms and symbols — Part 1 G

BRITISHSTANDARDBS499-1:1991IncorporatingAmendmentNo.1Weldingtermsandsymbols—Part1:Glossaryforwelding,brazingandthermalcuttingUDC621.791:[001.4+003.62]Licensedcopy:PONTYPRIDDCOLLEGE,13/03/2008,UncontrolledCopy,©BSIBS499-1:1991ThisBritishStandard,havingbeenpreparedunderthedirectionoftheWeldingStandardsPolicyCommittee,waspublishedundertheauthorityoftheBoardofBSIandcomesintoeffecton28February1991©BSI03-1999FirstpublishedAugust1933SecondeditionJune1939ThirdeditionOctober1952FourtheditionOctober1965FiftheditionNovember1983SixtheditionFebruary1991ThefollowingBSIreferencesrelatetotheworkonthisstandard:CommitteereferenceWEE/1Draftsforcomment88/75043DC89/76391DCISBN0580190935CommitteesresponsibleforthisBritishStandardThepreparationofthisBritishStandardwasentrustedbytheWeldingStandardsPolicyCommittee(WEE/-)toTechnicalCommitteeWEE/1uponwhichthefollowingbodieswererepresented:AluminiumFederationAssociatedOfficesTechnicalCommitteeBritishInstituteofNon-destructiveTestingBritishShipbuildersCityandGuildsofLondonInstitute(AdvisoryCommittee)InstituteofMetalsInstitutionofProductionEngineersInstitutionofStructuralEngineersNationalAssociationofTeachersinFurtherandHigherEducationSocietyofMotorManufacturersandTradersLimitedWeldingInstituteWeldingManufacturers’Association(BEAMALtd.)AmendmentsissuedsincepublicationAmd.NoDateofissueComments9227November1996IndicatedbyasidelineinthemarginLicensedcopy:PONTYPRIDDCOLLEGE,13/03/2008,UncontrolledCopy,©BSIBS499-1:1991©BSI03-1999iContentsPageCommitteesresponsibleInsidefrontcoverForewordviSection1.Termscommontomorethanonesection3Section2.Termsrelatingtoweldingwithpressure15Subsection21.Termsrelatingtomorethanonesubsection15Subsection22.Termsrelatingonlytoresistancewelding17Subsection23.Termsrelatingonlytopressurewelding41Subsection24.Termsrelatingonlytoultrasonicwelding42Subsection25.Termsrelatingonlytodiffusionwelding42Subsection26.Termsrelatingonlytoexplosivewelding43Subsection27.Termsrelatingonlytofrictionwelding44Subsection28.Termsrelatingonlytomagnetically-impelledarcbuttwelding44Section3Termsrelatingtofusionwelding(weldingwithoutpressure)45Subsection31.Termsrelatingtomorethanonesubsection45Subsection32.Termsrelatingonlytoarcwelding66Subsection33.Termsrelatingonlytogaswelding80Subsection34.Termsrelatingonlytoaluminothermicwelding82Subsection35.Termsrelatingonlytoelectronbeamwelding84Subsection36.Termsrelatingonlytoelectro-slagwelding89Subsection37.Termsrelatingonlytolightradiationwelding90Section4.Termsrelatingtobrazeweldingandbrazing91Subsection41.Termsrelatingtobrazewelding91Subsection42.Termsrelatingonlytobrazing92Section5.Termsrelatingtotesting95Section6.Termsrelatingtoweldimperfections100Section7.Termsrelatingtothermalcutting105Subsection71.Termsrelatingtomorethanonesubsection105Subsection72.Termsrelatingonlytooxygencutting108Subsection73.Termsrelatingonlytoarccutting111Subsection74.Termsrelatingonlytosparkerosioncutting111Subsection75.Termsrelatingonlytoelectronbeamcutting111Subsection76.Termsrelatingonlytolasercutting112AppendixATypicalinformationtoappearonaweldingproceduresheetforflashwelding113AppendixBTypicalinformationtoappearonaweldingproceduresheetforspotwelding113AppendixCTypicalinformationtoappearonaweldingproceduresheetforseamwelding113AppendixDTypicalinformationtoappearonaweldingproceduresheetforprojectionwelding114AppendixETypicalinformationtoappearonaweldingproceduresheetforfrictionwelding114AppendixFTypicalinformationtoappearonweldingproceduresheetsforfusionweldingprocesses114AppendixGTypicalinformationtoappearonacuttingproceduresheetforoxygenflamecutting115Alphabeticalindex116Figure1—Chartofderivationofweldingprocesses1Licensedcopy:PONTYPRIDDCOLLEGE,13/03/2008,UncontrolledCopy,©BSIBS499-1:1991ii©BSI03-1999PageFigure2—Chartofderivationofbrazingprocesses2Figure3—Chartofderivationofthermalcuttingprocesses2Figure4—Root,fusion,penetration,weldjunctionandzonesoftypicalwelds4Figure5—Examplesofseriesspotwelding18Figure6—Mashweld20Figure7—Weldnugget20Figure8—Verticalcentreelectrode21Figure9—Verticaloffsetelectrode21Figure10—Angleoffsetelectrode22Figure11—Crankedoffsetelectrode22Figure12—Timeandpressurediagramforsimplespot,stitchorprojectionwelding26Figure13—Timeandpressurediagramforpulsationspotorprojectionwelding26Figure14—Timeandpressurediagramforspotorprojectionwelding,programmecontrol27Figure15—Timeandpressurediagramforpulsationspotorprojectionwelding,programmecontrol27Figure16—Timeandpressurediagramforspotwelding,programmecontrolwithdual-pressurecycle28Figure17—Timeandpressurediagramforseamwelding28Figure18—Timeandpressurediagramforstep-by-stepseamwelding29Figure19—Timeandpressurediagramforrollerspotwelding29Figure20—Timeandpressurediagramforstep-by-steprollerspotwelding30Figure21—Timeandpressurediagramforstraightflashwelding30Figure22—Generalizeddiagramofspeed,appliedforce,axialmovementandtimeforcontinuousdrivefrictionwelding31Figure23—Generalizeddiagramofspeed,appliedforce,axialmovementandtimeforstored-energyfrictionwelding33Figure24—Anglecentreelectrode38Figure25—Swan-n