产业集群的识别、测度和绩效评价研究

华中科技大学博士学位论文产业集群的识别、测度和绩效评价研究姓名：张淑静申请学位级别：博士专业：西方经济学指导教师：张建华20060507I,UEllisonCADCADIIIIIAbstractAlongtheapproachofformation,developmentandperformanceofindustrialcluster,thisdissertationapplieseconomictheorytoredefiningindustrialcluster,exploringtheconditionandrouteofitsformation.Thentheauthoradvancesthemethodandcriterionofidentifyingandgradingindustrialcluster.Furthermoretheauthorpresentsthemethodofmeasuringitsconcentrationdegree(CAD)andevaluatingitsperformance.Eventually,basedonempiricalresearchthisdissertationsummarizestheexperienceandputsforwardtheproposalofdevelopingindustrialclusterintheeastandmiddleofChina.Thestudywillhaveaimportantroleintheoryandpracticeofpromotingthequantitativeresearchofindustrialclustertheoryandguidingthepracticeofdevelopingindustrialcluster.Firstly,accordingtothenatureofaimingatsimilarmarketdemand,theauthorredefinesindustrialclusterandindicatesthatitcomprisessixfactors,namelytheobject,member,economicrelation,knowledge,operatingmechanismandthespirit.Thentheauthordiscussesthedifferencebetweenindustrialclusterandindustrialconcentration,thatis,industrialclusteristhehighphaseoftheindustrialconcentration.Furthermoretheauthoranalyzestheconditionandapproachefordevelopingindustrialcluster,inwhichthemechanismandwaythattheindustrialclusterlinkstoparticularmarketwillbebeneficialtoeconomicdevelopmentofunderdevelopmentareas.Secondly,theauthorappliesrelationalcontracttheory,divisiontheoryoflabor,input-outputmethodandlocationquotienttheorytoexploringtherequirementofthreesub-criterionssuchasidentification,classificationoftheindustrialandborderaboutcluster,andprovidesthree-dimensionality-methodtoidentifyindustrialcluster.Accordingtotheprincipleofintegration,detail,comparablenessandfeasibility,theauthoradvancesthecriterionofidentifyingindustrialcluster.Atthesametime,theauthorpresentstotakethecontributionlocationquotientasthefoundationofgradingtheindustrialcluster.Thirdly,theauthorresearchclusteragglomerationdegree(CAD)anditsmeasurement.IVThisdissertationbelievesthatCADembodiesthesynthesiseffectofverticalrelationandhorizontalcompetition,andreflectsitscapacityofproductionandcompetitiveness.TheresearchfindstheCADconsistsofproductionvalue,enterprisemember,labordividedegreeanddevelopmentindex,andthenitshowsthatterrain,scale,verticalandhorizontalrelationsarecharacteristicsofCAD,andhasaconverseUfigureindevelopmentofindustrialcluster.BasedontheEllison’sindustrialindexofconcentration,theauthoradvancesanewmethodofmeasuringCADthroughaddingtwovariableswhicharedividedegreeanddevelopmentindex.Theperformanceofindustrialclusterneedstobegenerallyevaluatedbyqualitativeandquantitativeresearches.Withoutuniformindexsystemofquantitativelyevaluatingindustrialclusterperformanceatpresent,thisdissertationdesignsasetofindexsystemandappliesAHPmethodtoevaluateindustrialclusterperformance,basedoncooperativedegree,competitivedegreeandinnovationcapacity.Inempiricalresearches,theauthorrespectivelysummarizestheexperienceofdevelopingindustrialclusterineastandmiddleofChina,applyingtheabovemethodofidentifying,measuringandevaluatingindustrialcluster.Theresultshowsthatmarketismuchmoreimportantfordevelopingindustrialclusterthandividelabor,andthelatteristheresultofindustrialcluster.CADhaspositivecorrelationtothecontributionforindustrialandregionaleconomicgrowth.Industrialclusterwithcompetitivenessmustfacetointernationalmarket.Thegovernmenthasaimportantroleintheprocessofdevelopingindustrialclusterwithinternationalcompetitiveness.Inordertoimprovethestatusthatenterprisescan’tformcoherentforceandinnovatestronglybecauseoftheirconcentrationinspaceanddispersioninspirit,thisdissertationbelievesitisimportanttostartwithmarket,guideenterprisestoconcentrationandformindustrialchaininsustainabledevelopmentofChineseindustrialcluster,especiallythedevelopmentinunderdevelopedregion.Itmeansthatthegovernmentshouldstrengthentoexploitmarket,encourageenterpriseshipandfosterSME;reinforcecity’sconstructionVincludinghardwareandsoftware;enhancerelationwiththeoutsideandexploittheoutsideforce;toincreaseinformalcommunicationandboostindependentinnovation;toextendindustrialchinaandpromotetechnicallevelandadded-value,andsoon,sothatacceleratestheformationandimprovesthequalityofindustrialcluster.Keywords:industrialclusteridentifyingcriterionagglomerationdegreeperformanceevaluation111.1OECD2GDP1.21.2.131.2.2WTO41.31.3.11(1890)(1909).M.5(1998)2PioreSabel198419993199020006Rosenfeld1997,,,Martin20024AminPedresen1997Humphrey1995AlexHoen1997GordonMcCann2000200257Rosenfeld199719971.3.212002,,19931994a1987200119981996Schmitz19978,,Lundvall1992,19952001200120022PalivosWang1996(1990)19992002a20019,200219942002b1997h=(+1)/(1-)2003,1.3.3Porter2000•1776192910,Scott1981ScottStorperHarrisonaler2070~80Frogman2001ScottStorper1992Scott1988StorperWalker1989OkayamaTokumaru2003Head19951980751,()Martin2002..().20026:687-696111.3.412004,2003200412,,200320051320032()HarrisonGlasmeier1997,,141.3.530()GDP151.41.4.11.4.216(CAD)1.4.3CAD1722.1Porter19901890Tully20022002Krugman19912000()20032002199918