哥白尼简介英文

参考资料，少熬夜！哥白尼简介英文【导读指引】三一刀客最漂亮的网友为您整理分享的“哥白尼简介英文”文档资料，供您学习参考，希望此文档对您有所帮助，喜欢就分享给朋友们吧！NikolaiCopernicus(Polish:NikolajKopernik,February19,1473-May24,1543,attheageof70),istheRenaissancePolishastronomer,mathematician,churchlaw,priestTheAtCopernicus40yearsold,heputforwardtheheartoftheheart,denyingtheauthorityofthechurch,changedthehumanviewofnatureontheirown.AtthattimetheRomanCatholicChurchbelievedthathisday-mindedviolatedtheBible,Copernicusremainedconvincedthattheheartsaiditwasnotcontradictory,andafteryearsofobservationandcalculationtocompletehisgreatworkcelestialism.In1533,60-year-oldCopernicusmadeaseriesofspeechesinRome,andfinallydecidedtopublishituntilhewasneartheseventies.May24,1543CopernicusdiedthatdaythepublisherreceivedCopernicussentabookhewrote.Copernicus'sheartsaidcorrectedpeople'scosmology.CopernicusisagiantoftheEuropeanRenaissance.Hedevotedhislifetothestudyofastronomy,leavingavaluablelegacyforlatergenerations.TheCopernicusremainsontherehearsaloftheFraunbergCathedralinPolandonMay22,2010.February19,2013isthe540thanniversaryofthebirthoftheastronomerCopernicus,Polandheldaseriesofactivitiesthroughoutthecountrytocommemoratethegreatchangethathaschangedthehumanuniverse.尼古拉·哥白尼成长背景NicholasCopernicusOnFebruary19,1973,awealthyfamilyborninthecityofToruńontheVistulaRiverintheKingdomofPoland.Attheageof18,hestudiedatKrakówUniversity,theoldcapitalofPoland,andwasinterestedinastronomyduringhisstudyofmedicine.In1496,the23-year-oldCopernicuscameto参考资料，少熬夜！Italy,wherehestudiedlaw,medicineandtheologyattheUniversityofBolognaandtheUniversityofPaduaattheUniversityofBolognaandtheUniversityofPadua,theastronomeroftheUniversityofBologna(DeNovara,1454-1540)hadagreatinfluenceonCopernicus,wherehehadlearnedastronomicalobservationsandGreekastronomy.Attheageof40heproposedtheheliocentrictheory(theheliocentrictheory).AndlaterreceivedadoctorateinreligiouslawfromtheUniversityofFerrara.Copernicusasadoctor,becauseofmedicalcleverandwasknownasthedoctor.CopernicusmostlyspentmostofhistimeinthechurchofFrauen.Copernicusisnotaprofessionalastronomer,hisfamousmasterpieceiscompletedinhissparetime.尼古拉·哥白尼历史背景Copernicus'sscientificachievementistheproductofhistime,andturnedtopromotethedevelopmentofthetimes.Fifteen,sixteenthcenturyEurope,itisfromthefeudalsocietytothecapitalistsocietyofthecriticalperiod,inthetwohundredyears,thecommunityhasundergonetremendouschanges.Beforethe14thcenturyinEurope,everywhereisafragmentedsmallcity.Later,withtheriseofurbanindustryandcommerce,especiallythedevelopmentofminingandmetallurgyindustry,theemergenceofmanyemergingcities,smallcitieshavejoinedtogethertoformanationaltrend.Bytheendofthefifteenthcentury,therewereessentiallymonarchicalmonarchiesinmanycountries.AtthattimePolandnotonlylikeKrakow,Poznansuchabigcity,therearemanyhandicraftindustryflourishingcity.TheWarsaw,whichwasconvertedintoPolandin1526,hasbecomeanimportantcenterofbusiness,politics,cultureandgeography,andbecamethecapitalofthePolishstateattheendofthe16thcentury.Andthispoliticalandeconomicchangetoadapttotheculturalandscientificalsobeganto参考资料，少熬夜！reflect.Atthattime,Europewastheunityofchurchandstate,theHolySeecontrolsmanycountries,theBibleisdeclaredassupremetruth,allcontrarytothedoctrineoftheBible,aredenouncedasheresy,allagainstthetheocraticrule,allWassentencedtofire,theItalianthinkerBruno,inordertomaintaintheheartoftheday,thatwastaughttoburnwithfire(onethatBrunowasexecutednotbecauseheinsistedonscientifictruth,butbecausehepubliclypublicizedadifferentviewofChristianity).Theemergingbourgeoisiefortheirownsurvivalanddevelopment,setoffastruggleagainstthefeudalsystemandchurchsuperstition,therehasbeenahumanistictrendofthought.TheyusethecombatweaponisnotthegodsoftheancientGreekphilosophy,scienceandliterature,whichisshockingtheEuropeanRenaissance.TheRenaissancefirsttookplaceinItalyandsoonexpandedtoPolandandotherEuropeancountries.Atthesametime,commercialactivityhasalsocontributedtothedevelopmentofforeigntrade.Inthegoldendrivenbythespell,manyEuropeanadventurersvoyageAfrica,IndiaandtheentireFarEast.Oceannavigationrequiresrichastronomicalandgeographicalknowledge,accumulatedfromtheobservationoftheactualdata,sothatpeoplefeelpopularquietcosmologyisdoubtful,whichrequirespeopletofurtherexplorethesecretsoftheuniverse,soastopromoteThedevelopmentofastronomyandgeography.In1492,thefamousItaliannavigatorColumbusdiscoveredthenewcontinent,Magellanandhiscompanionsaroundtheearthaweek,provingthattheearthwasroundandmadepeoplestarttoreallyknowtheearth.Inthemedievalperiodunderthestrictcontrolofthechurch,therewerealsovigorousreligiousrevolutions.ManyofthedoctrinesoftheCatholicChurchdidnotconformtotheteachingsoftheBible,andjoinedthepapal'spersonalwillandtheself-achievementofthevarioustheologians,somanybelieversbeganto参考资料，少熬夜！questiontheCatholicismTheteachingsandtheorganization,initiatingthereturntotheBible.Czechpatriots,thepresidentoftheUniversityofPrague,JanHus(1369-1415),publiclycondemnedtheoppressionandexploitationoftheGermanfeudallordsandtheCatholicChurchagainsttheCzechRepublicatthereligiousconfe