EN 1811-1998直接和长时间接触皮肤的产品中镍释放量的基准试验方法

STD.CENENL8LL-ENGL1448m34045890182534TT5RATIFIEDEUROPEANTEXTEN1811:1998EuropeanStandardsonlyexistformallyasnatidbranspositioras(Le.aBSENfortheUK)ofacommonlyagreed“ratified”text.‘Inisdocumentisaratifiedtextwhichwillshortlybepub!ishedasaBSEN.ItisbeingmadeavailableinadvanceofitsformalpublicationtogiveinterestedpartiesearlyaccesstothetechnicalinformationwhichtheBSENwillcontain.WhentheBSENisformallypublisheditwillbesuppliedtoyouautomatically,withoutanyadditionalcharge.mirchasersofthisratifiedtextshouldbeawareofthefollowinglimitationswhenusingthedocument.OTheBSENmaycontainadditionalinformationinthenationalforewordornationalannex,OFullrightsconferredbycompliancewiththestandardmayonlybegrantedbyreferencetotheformalnationaltranspositionofthetextasaBSEN.ThisratifiedtextwasapprovedbyCENEENELECinitsthreeofficiallanguagesonthedategivenbelow.UnderCENKENELECrules,BSIisobligedtopublishitsnationaltranspositionwithinsixmonthsofthisdate.Thisratifiedtextwasapprovedon1998-10-101NOCOPYINGWITHOUTBSIPERMISSIONEXCEPTASPERMITTEDBYCOPYRIGHTLAWCopyrightEuropeanCommitteeforStandardizationProvidedbyIHSunderlicensewithCENNotforResaleNoreproductionornetworkingpermittedwithoutlicensefromIHS--```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---STD-CENENLBLL-ENGL1778340q587illti2535931EUROPEANSTANDARDEN1811NORMEEUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHENORMNovember1998ICs39.060Descriptors:preciousmetals,nickelalloys,tests,migrations,nickel,determination,speed,accident,preventionReferencetestmethodforreleaseofnickelfromproductsintendedtocomeintodirectandprolongedcontactwiththeskinMBthoded'essaiderØférencepourlalibérationdunickelparlesproduitsquisontdestinés&venirencontactdirectetprolongØaveclapeauReferenzprüfveriahrenzurBestimmungderNickellässigkeitvonProduktendieindirektenundlängerandauerndenKontaktmitderHautkommenThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon10October1998.CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCENICENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEuropeanStandardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Up-to-datelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcerningsuchnationalstandardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember.ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English.French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytranslation'undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusastheoffiaalvenions.CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium.CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom.EUROPEANCOMMiTïEEFORSTANDARDIZATIONCOMITEEUROPEENDENORMALISATIONEUROPAISCHESKOMITEEFURNORMUNGCentralSecretariat:ruedeStassarî,368-1050BNSS~~SQ1998CENAllrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreservedworldwideforCENnationalMembers.Ref.No.EN1811:1998ECopyrightEuropeanCommitteeforStandardizationProvidedbyIHSunderlicensewithCENNotforResaleNoreproductionornetworkingpermittedwithoutlicensefromIHS--```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---STDOCENEN1811-ENGL17783404587O18253b878Page2EN1811:1998ForewordThisEuropeanStandardhasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEMC283Preciousmetals-Applicationsinjewelletyandassociatedproducts,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyUNI.ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatestbyMay1999,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatestbyMay1999.AnnexA,B,C,DandEareinformative.AccordingtotheCENKENELECInternaiRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowingcountriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.CopyrightEuropeanCommitteeforStandardizationProvidedbyIHSunderlicensewithCENNotforResaleNoreproductionornetworkingpermittedwithoutlicensefromIHS--```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---STD-CENENLBLL-ENGL1798W34045870382537704WPage3EN1811:1998IntroductionAdverseskinreactiontonickelhasbeenknownformanydecades.NickelisnowthemostfrequentcauseofcontactallergyinEurope,and10%-20%ofthefemalepopulationisallergictonickel.Skinabsorptionofnickelions,whicharereleasedfromsomenickel-containingmaterialsindirectandprolongedcontactwiththeskin,causessensitisation.Furtherexposuretosolublenickelsaltsresultsinallergiccontactdermatitis.Itisknownthatsensitisationtonickelrequireshigherexposurelevelsthandoestheelicitationinalreadysensiticedindividuals.Thereisalargevariationinthedegreeofsensitivitytonickelbetweenindividuals.Thiswidespreadhealthproblemhasforcedtheurgentintroductionofanumberofmeasuresdesignedtoreduceitsprevalence.Theyincludethisstandardwhichattemptstoprovideanin-vitrochemicaltestthatcorrelatesasfaraspossiblewiththevariablehumanbiologicalreactionsthatoccurwhenmetallicarticlescontainingnickelareindirectandprolongedcontactwiththeskin.Thestandardprovidesameasureoftheamountofnickelreleasefromanarticleimmersedforoneweekinartificialsweat.Itisafirstattemptatthesta