约翰克兰西部管道密封培训

西部管道密封培训JohnCraneTech(Tianjin)Co.,Ltd培训内容概述密封基础知识密封系统知识密封的安装要求密封的失效大致判断与客户技术人员进行交流机械密封基础第一部分ConceptsofMechanicalSeals机械密封概念ShaftProcessFluid密封流体Leakage泄漏Environment环境VesselWall釜壁TheBasicSealingProblem:PreventingLeakage基本的密封问题:防止泄漏ShaftProcessFluid流体流动Leakage泄漏Environment环境VesselWall釜壁TheConceptofanEndFaceMechanicalSeal机械密封端面的概念ShaftMovement轴的运动RequiredFeatures必须的特征Smallaxialclearance小的轴向间隙Selfadjusting自调节MatingRing配合环PrimaryRing补偿环SecondarySealingElement辅助密封AFlexibleSealFlexible机械密封Hydrostaticloading流体静力学负荷Secondarysealingelements辅助密封Replaceableparts可替换的部件O-RingO型圈Shaft轴MatingRing配合环PrimaryRing补偿环SnapRing卡环Anti-XRing挡环O-RingO型圈Disk推环Springs弹簧Retainer传动套SetScrew定位螺丝AnExampleofaCompleteSealSimplyput,amechanicalsealis:简单的说,机械密封就是:1.Awearable,stationary,primarysealingelement一个耐磨,静止的密封件2.Awearable,rotating,primarysealingelement一个耐磨,旋转的密封件3.Asecondarysealingelement二次密封4.Amechanicalloadingdevicetopressprimarysealingelements1and2againstoneanother,and使件1和件2相互贴合的机械装置5.Auxiliarycomponentstocompleteseal辅助密封Non-flashing没有闪蒸Flashing闪蒸Parallel平行Converging收敛Diverging发散FaceSeparation密封面分离Shape:形态Gap:间隙Fluid:流体TheSealingInterface密封接触面Lubricant润滑剂Separation分离面MagnifiedSurfaceA放大面MagnifiedSurfaceB放大面Heat热量TheSealingInterface密封面LubricationPurpose:润滑目的Separatesurfaces分离两个面Preventcontactofhighsurfacepoints防止出现面接触Reducefriction/heatgeneration减少摩擦/生热ProcessFluidActsasLubricantBetweenFaces流体在两个面之间充当润滑剂的过程Gland密封端盖PumpHousing泵腔ProcessFluid工艺流体InvisibleLeakage:不可见泄漏FluidEvaporatesUponReachingAtmosphere微量的泄漏在大气侧蒸发PrimaryRing补偿环MatingRing配合环Gland密封端盖PumpHousing泵腔NoFluidOrDryRunning没有流体或者干运转PrimaryRing补偿环MatingRing配合环WithoutLubrication,FacesRunDryAndOverheat没有润滑干运转导致过热MatingRing配合环PrimaryRing补偿环HeatGeneration生热Rubbing摩擦ViscousShear粘性剪切力HeatTransfer热传递Conduction传导Convection对流Injection注入Flushing冷冲洗RemovesHeat带走热量ReplenishesCoolCleanLubricatingLiquid补充润滑液PrimarySeal:Flush基本密封:冲洗SingleSealFlushingBy-PassfromDischarge(APIPlan11)单密封通过出口进行冲洗By-passLinefromPumpDischargetoSealGland从泵出口到密封端盖的管线Discharge出口Flow流动Suction入口PrimarySeal:Flush基本密封:冲洗MinimumPressure.3bar/5psiAboveA?最小压力值要大于A处0.3BarFlow流动Discharge出口Suction入口RestrictionalDevice(Bushing)限流装置SingleSealFlushingfromExternalSource(APIPlan32)单密封通过外部来源进行冲洗APrimarySeal:Quench基本密封:急冷RestrictionalDevice(Packing)限流装置(盘根)QuenchSource急冷源ProcessFluid工艺流体SingleSealQuenchfromExternalSource(APIPlan62)单密封通过外部急冷APIPipingPlansAPI冲洗方案第二部分JOHNCRANEAPIPipingPlansAPI冲洗方案Integral(internal)recirculationfrompumpdischargetoseal内部循环从泵的出口到密封Advantage优点-Noexternalpiping没有外部冲洗Limitations局限性-Changingflowraterequireddismantlingofpump改变流量需要拆泵-Forcleanpumpagesonly只能是适用干净的介质APIPipingPlansAPI冲洗方案PointstoNoteforAPIPlan02:API02冲洗方案应注意的事项：-Theinjectiontappingisusedforventingpriortostart–up.-在开车前，入口用来进行放空-APIplan02isoftenusedtogetherwithplan62,especiallyonhightemperaturebellowsseals.冲洗方案2经常与62一起用，特别是用在高温波纹管密封APIPipingPlansAPI冲洗方案Noflushingtothemechanicalseal(‘dead-ended’)机械密封里没有冲洗PointstoNoteforAPIPlan11:API冲洗方案11应注意的事项-Useanorificetorestricttheflowrateifthedischargepressureis3barhigherthansealchamberpressure.如果出口压力高于密封腔压力3bar，需要用一个孔限制流量-Useoncleanandlowabrasivesduties用在干净，含磨石性颗粒少的工矿APIPipingPlansAPI冲洗方案SealFlushingBy-PassfromDischarge单密封通过出口进行冲洗Recirculationfromsealchamberthroughaflowcontrolorificeandbacktopumpsuction从密封腔里出通过一个孔板返回到泵的入口PointstoNoteforAPIPlan13:API冲洗方案13应注意的事项-Useanorificetorestricttheflowrateifthesealchamberpressureis3barhigherthansuctionpressure.如果密封腔压力高于入口压力3bar，需要用一个孔板限制流量-handleabrasivesdutybetterthanAPIplan11处理含有磨石性颗粒的工矿13方案号优于11方案-highersealchamberpressuretosuppressvaporisation较高的密封腔压力可抑制它的汽化APIPipingPlansAPI冲洗方案+=PointstoNoteforAPIPlan14:API冲洗方案14应注意的事项：-Flowbacktosuctionsidewillevacuatevapoursthatmaycollectinsealchamber.-Recommendedforlighthydrocarbonservice.APIPipingPlansAPI冲洗方案RecirculationfrompumpdischargethroughaflowcontrolorificeandcoolertosealOpenLoopCoolingCircuitCoolingWaterOutlet冷水出口CoolingWaterInlet冷水入口APIPipingPlansAPI冲洗方案RecirculationfromapumpingringinthesealchamberthroughcoolerandbacktosealClosedLoopCoolingCircuit冲洗液通过密封腔中的泵效环从密封腔中流出经过换热器，再返回到密封中，形成自封闭循环。形成封闭的冷却回路ThroatbushingSuction入口Discharge出口18-24Ventathighestpointofthepiping排气在管线的最高点CoolingWaterOutlet冷水出口CoolingWaterInlet冷水入口mechanicalsealwithpumpingringHeatexchanger换热器APIPipingPlansAPI冲洗方案PointstonoteforAPIPlan23:Thermosyphondesign热虹吸设计*heatexchanger换热器18to24“abovepumpcentreline.在泵中心线以上18to24*Preventoverheatinginstandbyandstart–up.*在泵启动和备用时，要防止过热。Installclosefittingneckbushingatthebottomofsealchambertoisolatetheheatfromtheimpellerend.在密封腔底部安装喉部衬套用来隔离从叶轮传出的热量Usedonhightemperatureapplicationstominimiseheatloadonthecoolerbycoolingonlysmallamountofliquidthatisrecirculated.用于高温工况，通过冷却密封腔的小部分的循环流体来使冷却器的热负荷降至最低.Forhightemperatureboilerfeedpumpapplications用于高温锅炉给水泵上Otherapplications其他应用*hightemperatureliquidclosetobubblepoint.*接近沸点的高温液体.APIPipingPlansAPI冲洗方案Recirculationfrompumpdischargethroughacycloneseparatordeliveringcleanfluidtothesealandfluidwithsolidsbacktopumpsuctionline冲洗液从泵出口流出，通过一旋液分离器，使干净流体进入密封腔，带有颗粒的流体返回