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地铁人员行为特征与人员疏散仿真重庆大学硕士学位论文(学术学位)学生姓名:张程指导教师:刘方教授专业:供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程学科门类:工学重庆大学城市建设与环境工程学院二O一三年五月PersonnelBehaviorCharacteristicsandPersonnelEvacuationSimulationinSubwayAThesisSubmittedtoChongqingUniversityinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementfortheMaster‟sDegreeofEngineeringByZhangChengSupervisedbyProf.LiuFangSpecialty:Heating,Gassing,VentilationandAir-conditioningEngineeringFacultyofUrbanConstructionandEnvironmentalEngineeringofChongqingUniversity,Chongqing,ChinaMay2013中文摘要I摘要地铁系统深埋在地下,其结构复杂且相对狭窄,照明光线较暗,通风排烟条件也较差,一旦发生火灾,隧道内部温度会快速升高,烟气较难排除,人员也不易找到疏散通道。相关统计数据表明,在地铁火灾所造成的人员伤亡中,85%以上是因为吸入有毒烟气引起窒息而死亡的。鉴于地铁火灾事故造成的人员伤亡和经济损失十分巨大,而我国在该领域的研究尚且处于发展初期,因此,研究地铁紧急状况下的人员安全疏散问题具有十分重要的意义。在人员安全疏散理论和其他疏散问卷的基础上,作者开展了地铁人员安全疏散行为问卷调查,涉及人员基本特性与其对车站及消防系统的熟悉程度和疏散行为三个方面。统计数据表明,调查对象对车站及消防系统的认识存在较大差异,多数人对车站出口及紧急疏散指示标志的关注度较高,而仅有很少一部分人知道车厢灭火器及列车紧急按钮的位置且能正确使用它们;在疏散行为中,调查对象对火灾的第一反应、对烟气的反应、对拥挤的反应以及对疏散方式的选择大都比较合理,但在逃生路线的选择上表现出一定疏散知识的缺乏。相关性分析结果表明,性别、年龄、受教育程度以及火灾经历是影响人员疏散行为的显著因素,其中,性别与对车站及消防系统的熟悉程度、年龄与疏散行为、受教育程度与疏散行为和火灾经历与对车站及消防系统的熟悉程度分别存在显著相关关系。作者以中青年男性、中青年女性、老年男性和老年女性等四类人群为研究对象,在地铁车站内开展拥挤状态下的人员行走速度观测试验,经过数据统计和分析,确定了各类人群在楼层平面和楼梯的移动速度。结合问卷分析和速度观测结果,本文建立了以功能单元为基础的安全疏散模型,并以VisualStudio为开发平台,完成了界面窗口的建立、控件内部计算处理函数语句的编程等工作,开发了相应疏散仿真软件,可全过程动态显示人员的疏散情况以及统计人数。采用本文疏散仿真软件对某车站进行人员疏散模拟,结果表明本文疏散仿真软件能够模拟出人员疏散运动的全过程,且其疏散结果与Pathfinder软件相近,显示出较高的可信性。关键词:地铁火灾,问卷调查,安全疏散模型,疏散仿真软件重庆大学硕士学位论文II英文摘要IIIABSTRACTThesubwaysystemburiesdeepintheground,thestructureiscomplicatedandrelativelynarrow,thelightisdark,andtheventilationandsmokeexhaustconditionisalsobad,assoonasthefirebreaksout,theinternaltemperatureintunnelwillrisefast,thesmokeisdifficulttoberuledout,andit‟salsonoteasyforpeopletofindtheevacuationpassageway.Relatedstatisticsshowthatmorethan85%casualtiesinsubwayfirearecausedbytheinhalationoftoxicsmoke,andthentheywillbechokedtodeath.Inviewofthecasualtiesandeconomiclosscausedbysubwayfireaccidentareveryhuge,however,theresearchofthisfieldinourcountryisstillintheearlydevelopment,therefore,it‟sofvitalsignificancetoresearchthepersonnelsafetyevacuationproblemunderemergencystateinsubway.Basedonthetheoryofpersonnelsafetyevacuationandotherevacuationquestionnaire,theauthorconductsaquestionnairesurveyofpersonnelsafetyevacuationbehaviorinsubway,involvedinthebasiccharacteristics,thefamiliaritywithstationandfireprotectionsystemandtheevacuationbehavior.Statisticsshowthat,therearelargedifferenceinunderstandingthestationandthefireprotectionsystemamonginvestigationobjects,mostpeoplepaycloseattentiontotheexitandtheemergencyevacuationindicators,butonlyafewpeopleknowthecompartmentfireextinguisherandtheemergencybutton,andcanusedthemcorrectly.Intheevacuationbehavior,people‟sfirstresponsetofire,responsetosmoke,responsetocongestionandthechoiceofevacuationwayarerelativelyreasonable,butpeopleevacuatethelackofknowledgeonchoosingtheescaperoutes.Correlationanalysisresultsshowthatgender,age,educationsituationandfireexperiencesarethemostsignificantfactorsthataffecttheevacuationbehavior,amongthem,genderandthefamiliaritywithstationandfireprotectionsystem,ageandtheevacuationbehavior,educationsituationandtheevacuationbehavior,fireexperiencesandthefamiliaritywithstationandfireprotectionsystemexistsignificantcorrelationrelationshiprespectively.Withfourkindsofpeople—youngandmiddle-agedmen,youngandmiddle-agedwomen,elderlymenandelderlywomenasresearchobjects,theauthorconductsapersonnelmovingspeedobservationexperimentinsubwaystationincrowdedconditions,andthemovingspeedofallkindsofpeopleatfloorandinstairaredeterminedbystatisticsanddataanalysis.重庆大学硕士学位论文IVCombiningthequestionnaireanalysisandspeedobservationresults,anewevacuationmodelbasedonfunctionalunitsisestablished,withVisualStudioasdevelopmentplatform,theauthordevelopsthecorrespondingevacuationsimulationsoftwarebycompletingmuchwork,suchasestablishingtheinterfacewindow,programmingtheinternalcomputingfunctionstatementsincontrols,etc.Thesoftwarecannotonlydisplaythewholeprocessofpersonnelevacuationdynamically,butalsocountthenumberofpeople.Theevacuationsimulationsoftwareinthispaperisusedtoconductapersonnelevacuationsimulationinastation,theresultsshowthattheevacuationsimulationsoftwaredevelopedinthispapercanshowthewholeprocessoftheevacuationmovement,andtheevacuationresultsissimilartoPathfindersoftware,thatistosaytheevacuationsimulationsoftwareinthispaperhashigherdependability.Keywords:Subwayfire,Questionnairesurvey,Safetyevacuationmodel,Evacuationsimulationsoftware目录V目录中文摘要..........................................................................................................................................I英文摘要.......................................................................................................................................III1绪论.........................................................................................................................................11.1研究背景..............................................................................................................................11.2国内外研究现状........................................
本文标题:地铁人员行为特征与人员疏散仿真
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