独立主格结构讲解及练习含答案

1语法重点：独立主格结构。1.原文再现。Thissilencewassuddenlybrokenwhenalargecar,withitsheadlightsonanditshornblaring,roareddownthearcade.2.独立主格结构定义。独立主格结构（IndependentGenitive）由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。3.独立主格结构用法。A．用作时间状语Theworkdone(=Aftertheworkhadbeendone),wewenthome.工作完成后，我们就回家了。B.用作条件状语Weatherpermitting(=Ifweatherpermits),theywillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。C.用作原因状语Animportantlecturetobegiventomorrow(=Asanimportantlecturewillbegiventomorrow),theprofessorhastostayuplateintothenight.因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。D.用作伴随状语Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishandscrossedunderhishead(=andhishandswerecrossedunderhishead).他躺在草地上，将两手交叉枕在脑后。E.表示补充说明.Weredoubledourefforts,eachmanworkingliketwo..我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。4.独立主格结构形式。A.一般独立主格形式，与主句逻辑关系松散形式为:n.+-ed/-ing形式;n.+不定式;n.+介词短语;n.+形容词;n.+副词B.名词/主格代词+现在分词，名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主动关系。Thegirlstaringathim(=Asthegirlstaredathim),hedidn'tknowwhattosay.姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。C.名词/主格代词+过去分词，名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是被动关系。Theproblemssolved(=Astheproblemsweresolved),thequalityhasbeenimproved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。D.名词/主格代词+不定式，名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主动关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。Heisgoingtomakeamodelplane,someoldpartstohelp.借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。Theysaidgood-byetoeachother,onetogohome,theothertogotothebookstore.他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。2E.名词/主格代词+形容词Anairaccidenthappenedtotheplane,nobodyalive.那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。F.名词/主格代词+副词Heputonhissweater,wrongsideout.他把毛衣穿反了。G.名词/主格代词+介词短语Theboygoestotheclassroom,bookinhand.那男孩手里拿着书去教室。H..with引导的独立主格:与主句逻辑关系紧密形式为:with+n.+-ed/-ing形式;with+n.+adj.;with+n.+介词短语I.…each引导的强调型独立主格:强调句尾的复数名词形式为:句子+复数名词结尾,each+介词短语/形容词短语/名词短语/-ing形式/-ed形式Undertherestructuring,thehugeorganizationthatoperatesthecompany'sbasicbusinesseswillbedividedintofivegroups,eachwithitsownexecutive.J．Therebeing+名词（代词）Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。K..Itbeing+名词（代词）.ItbeingChristmas,thegovernmentofficeswereclosed.由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。5.注意事项。A.独立主格转换成状语从句，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。Afterclasswasover(=Classbeingover/Classover),thestudentssoonlefttheclassroom.下课后，学生很快离开了课室。B.不能省略being(havingbeen)的情形：在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或havingbeen）不能省略。(1)独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：ItbeingSunday,wewenttochurch.因为是星期天，我们去做了礼拜。(2)在Therebeing+名词的结构中。Therebeingnobus,wehadtogohomeonfoot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。C..在“名词（或代词）+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,bookinhand.史密斯小姐走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。比较with的复合结构。如：MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,withabookinherhand.D.独立主格结构没有所有格形式Thechief-editorarriving,webeganthemeeting.主编来了，我们开始开会。(C)1.--Youshouldn’thavehelped________toMaggie’snewelectronicdictionaryandbrokeit.--WhatshallIdonow?A.herselfB.myselfC.yourselfD.ourselves(B)2.Therearemanypeoplewho_______thesummer_______thewinter.A.like;betterB.prefer;toC.prefer;thanD.like;than3(A)3.Hisgrandfatherdied___thewoundthattheenemysoldierhadgivenhimandthenhisgrandmotherdied___hungryandcold.A.from,ofB.of,fromC.from,fromD.of,of(A)4.Wearegoingtohaverainduringthenextmonth.A.agooddealofB.agoodmanyC.agreatnumberofD.numbersof(A)5.Ihaveknownyoursituation,Iwillsendthemoneytoyouimmediately.A.NowthatB.AsfarasC.OnconditionthatD.Solongas(A)6.Notfarfromtheschooltherewasagarden,_________ownerseatedinitplayingchesswithhislittlegrandsoneveryafternoon.A.itsB.whoseC.whichD.that(B)7.Hewrotealotofnovels,manyof_________translatedintoforeignlanguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.that(C)8.Hewrotealotofnovels,manyof_________weretranslatedintoforeignlanguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.that(B)9.Hewrotealotofnovels,andmanyof_________weretranslatedintoforeignlanguages.A.itB.themC.whichD.that(B)10.ThereImetseveralpeople,twoof_________beingforeigners.A.whichB.themC.whomD.that(B)11.ThereImetseveralpeople,twoof_________wereforeigners.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that(B)12.ThereImetseveralpeople,andtwoof_________wereforeigners.A.whichB.themC.whomD.that(B)13.There_________nothingmoretodo,Mr.Goodmanleftforhome.A.wasB.beingC.tobeD.hadbeing(B)14.ItChristmas,thegovernmentofficeswereclosed.A.wasB.beingC.tobeD.hadbeing(C)15.______,theoldmanhadnomoneytobuyevenabusticket.A.HiswalletbeingstolenB.HiswalletstealingC.WithhiswalletstolenD.Ashiswalletstolen(C)16.Though()money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin(A)17.ThelargestcollectioneverfoundinEnglandwasoneofabout2000000silverpennies,_____over600yearsold.AallofthemB.allofwhichCallofitDnoneofwhich(B)18.,wehadtoputthemeetingoff.A.BecausethemanagerillBThemanagerbeingillC.ThemanagerwasillD.Beingill(A)19._____,theEnglishspeechcontesthadbeenonforhalfanhour.A.TheyarrivingthereB.ArrivingthereC.HavingarrivedthereD.Theyarrivedthere(C)20.,herproposalisofgreatervaluethanyours.A.AllthingsconsideringB.AllthingsbeingconsideredC.AllthingsconsideredD.Allthingstobeconsidered