Bt转基因水稻——食品安全问题及环境威胁

BtBtBtBtBtBtCry1AcBtBtBt1BtBacillusthuringiensisDNABtBtCry1AbCry1AcCry1Ab/Cry1AcBtCry1AbBtCry1AcCry1Ab/Cry1AcBollgardCry1Ab/Cry1Ac2BtBt30%19%3412BtCry1Ab5Cry1Ab/Cry1AcCry1AcCry1Ac6Cry1AcCry1AcCry1AcBtBtCry1AcStarLinkBtFAOWHOCodexAlimentariusdecisiontree7Cry1AcCry1AcBtBt50BtBtBtBt18Bt杀剂(Cry1Ab)Bt结协碱pH酶肠结130kDa65kDaBt约69kDa结BtBt9BtBtBtBtBtBtBt176Monarchbutterfly10BtBt11BtBombyxmoriBtCry1AaCry1AbCry1Ac12,13BtCry1Aa14-Cry1AaBtBtCry1AbCry1AcBtBtBtcornborerlacewing15BtBt16BtBt17BtMicroplitissp.88.9%Campoletischloridae79.2%18BtBtBtBtCry1AbBt19,20Bt21,22BtBt23BtBtBtBtBtBt24BtOryzasativa25Bt26BtBtO.rufigpon2728,2930,31100321Bt2Bt3BtBt4Bt5Bt61.Tu,J.,Zhang,G.,Datta,K.,Xu,C.,He,Y.Zhang,O.,Khush,G.andDatta,S.K.2000.FieldperformanceoftransgenicelitecommercialhybridriceexpressingBacillusthuringiensisδ-endotoxin.NatureBiotechnology18:1101-1104.2.=ShowProd&data=MON531%2F757%2F1076&frmat=LONG3.RiceToday,September2002.RiceFacts.Essentialfoodforthepoor.(1999)Guidelineforweaning(revisededition)PediatricsInternational41(1):115-doi:10.1046/j.1442-200x.1999.01037.x5.Wang,Z.H.,Wang,Y.,Cui,H.R.,Xia,Y.W.,Altosaar,I.&Shu,Q.Y.2002.Toxicologicalevaluationoftransgenicriceflourwithasyntheticcry1AbgenefromBacillusthuringiensis.JournaloftheScienceofFoodandAgriculture82:738-744.6.Moreno-Fierros,L.García,N.Gutiérrez,R.López-Revilla,R.Vázquez-Padrón,RI..(2000).Intranasal,rectalandintraperitonealimmunizationwithprotoxinCry1AcfromBacillusthuringiensisinducescompartmentalizedserum,intestinal,vaginalandpulmonaryimmuneresponsesinBalb/cmice.MicrobesInfect2(8):885-90;.Vázquez-Padrón,R.I,Moreno-Fierros,L.Neri-Bazán,L,delaRiva,G.A&López-Revilla,R.(1999).BacillusthuringiensisCry1Acprotoxinisapotentsystemicandmucosaladjuvant.ScandJImmunol49:578-584;Vázquez-Padrón,R.IMoreno-Fierros,L.Neri-Bazán,L,delaRiva,G.A&López-Revilla,R.(1999).IntragastricandintraperitonealadministrationofCry1AcprotoxinfromBacillusthuringiensisinducessystemicandmucosalantibodyresponsesinmice.LifeSciences64(21):1897-1912;Vázquez-Padrón,R.I.,Moreno-Fierros,L.Neri-Bazán.L.Martínez-Gil,A.F.,delaRiva,G.A.&López-Revilla,R..(2000).CharacterizationofthemucosalandsystemicimmuneresponseinducedbyCry1AcproteinfromBacillusthuringiensisHD73inmice.BrazJMedBiolRes33:147-155;Vázquez-Padrón,R.I.,Gonzáles-Cabrera,J.,García-Tovar,C.Neri-Bazán,L.,López-Revilla,R.,Hernández,M.,Moreno-Fierros,L.&delaRiva.G.A.(2000).Cry1AcprotoxinfromBacillusthuringiensissp.kurstakiHD73bindstosurfaceproteinsinthemousesmallintestine.BiochemBiophysResComms271:54-58.7.FAO-WHO2001.EvaluationofAllergenicityofGeneticallyModifiedFoods.ReportofthejointFAO/WHOexpertconsultationonallergenicityoffoodsderivedfromBiotechnology,22-25January2001,pp1-26.8.Hillbeck,A.2001.Transgenichostplantresistanceandnon-targeteffects.In:Geneticallyengineeredorganisms:assessingenvironmentalandhumanhealtheffects.Letourneau,D.K.andB.E.Burrows[eds.]BocaRaton,FL:CRCPress.Hilbeck,A.,M.S.MeierandA.Raps.2000.Reviewonnon-targetorganismsandBtplants.ReportpreparedforGreenpeaceInternational,Amsterdam,EcoStratGmbH,EcologicalTechnologyAssessment&EnvironmentalConsulting,Zurich,Switzerland9.Hillbeck,A.2001.Transgenichostplantresistanceandnon-targeteffects.In:Geneticallyengineeredorganisms:assessingenvironmentalandhumanhealtheffects.Letourneau,D.K.andB.E.Burrows[eds.]BocaRaton,FL:CRCPress.10.LoseyJ.E,Raynor,L.&Cater,M.E.(1999).Transgenicpollenharmsmonarchlarvae.Nature399:214.11.Dively,G.P.,R.Rose,M.K.Sears,R.L.Hellmich,D.E.Stanley-Horn,D.D.Calvin,J.M.RussoandP.L.Anderson.2004.Effectsonmonarchbutterflylarvae(Lepidoptera:Danaidae)aftercontinuousexposuretoCry1Abexpressingcornduringanthesis.EnvironmentalEntomology33:1116-1125.12.JenkinsJ.L&Dean,D.H.(2001)BindingspecificityofBacillusthuringiensisCry1Aaforpurified,nativeBombyxmoriaminopeptidaseNandcadherin-likereceptorsBMCBiochemistry2001,2:12.(2002)TheeffectofBttransgenicriceflouronthedevelopmentofsilkwormlarvaeandthesub-micro-structureofitsmidgut.ScientiaAgriculturaSinica35:714-718.14.Fan,L-J.,Wu,Y-Y.,Pang,H-Q.,Wu,J-G.,Shu,Q-J.,Xu,M-K.,Lu,J-F.2003.Btricepollendistributiononmulberryleavesnearricefields.ActaEcologicaSinica23:826-833.15.Hillbeck,A.,Baumgartner,M.,Fried,P.M.&Bigler,F.1998.EffectsoftransgenicBacillusthuringiensiscorn-fedpreyonmortalityanddevelopmenttimeofimmatureChrysoperlacarnea(Neuroptera:Chrysopidae).EnvironmentalEntomology27:480-487;Hillbeck,A.,Moar,W.J.,Pusztai-Carey,M.,Filippini,A.&Bigler,F.(1998)ToxicityofBacillusthuringiensisCry1AbtoxintothepredatorCrysoperlacarnea(Neuroptera:Chrysopidae).EnvironmentalEntomology27:1255-1263.16.Wold,S.J.,BurknessE.C.,Hutchinson,W.D.,Venette,R.C.2001.In-fieldmonitoringofbeneficialinsectpopulationsintransgeniccornexpressingaBacillusthuringensistoxin.JournalofEntomologicalScience36:177-187.17.Cui,J.andJ.Xia.1998.Effectsoftran