定语从句讲解

(定语从句)1.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。acleverboyTheboilingwaterFallenleavesThemanwhoyouarelookingfor2.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句。.DoyouknowthemanwhocametoseeXiaoYangthismorning?3.先行词：4.关系词：关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词where,when,why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词；引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。找出定语从句，先行词，关系词及其在从句中充当的成分1.SheistheoldwomanwhomIsawthismorning.2.MaryisthegirlwhoseparentsworkinJapan.3.Isthisthekeywhichyouarelookingfor?4.October1,1949isthedaywhenNewChinawasfounded.5.Thisisthehousewherethegreatmanwasborn.6.Idon’tknowthereasonwhyshelooksunhappytoday.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.限定性定语从句：对先行词起到修饰限制的作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。这类从句不能省掉，否则句子的意义就不完整。6.非限定性定语从句：同主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作附加或补充的说明，不起限制的作用，如果省去，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。这类定语从句在书写时大多用逗号与主句分开。LastweekImetJohn,whoseemedtobeveryexcited.Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.A.that指人/物，作主语或宾语1.Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.HeisthemanthatItoldyouabout.关系代词:B.which指物，作主语或宾语Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.ThisrecorderwhichheisusingismadeinJapan.Thesearesometrees.Theywereplantedlastyear.关系代词:ThisrecorderismadeinJapan.Heisusingit.关系代词:C.who指人,作主语或宾语。Themanisourteacher.Italkedwithhim.WangLinisourmonitor.Sheis16yearsold.D.whom指人,作宾语。Themanwhom/whoInoddedtoisMr.Li.Themantowhom/whoInoddedisMr.Li.ThemanwhoItalkedwithhimisourteacher.＼WangLinwhois16yearsoldisourmonitor.ThemanisMr.Li.Inoddedtohim.whose在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。Thisisthebook.Itscoverisblue.Thisisthegirl.Herparentsaredoctors.Thisisthegirlwhoseparentsaredoctors.Thisisthebookwhose/ofwhichthecoverisblue.三、关系代词（who,whom,which,that,whose）的指代关系指人指物主语(宾语)定语WhoWhomWhichthatwhose★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★Eg:1.Heissuchaman______nevertellsalie.2.Heisthemodelworker__________weshouldlearnfrom.3.Adictionaryisabook_______oftenhelpsustoknowthemeaningsofthewords.4.Thisisthefilm_________Ilikebest.5.Theboy_________fatherisaprofessorisoneofmybestfriends.6.Thehouse________roofwasblownawaybythestormwillberebuiltsoon.who(whom/who)which/that(that/which)whosewhose(which/that)who/thatwhosewhich/that7.Ihaveafriend___________likeslisteningtotheclassicalmusic.8.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_____________Igaveher.9.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeagoodfootballplayer.10.Kateisreadingabook____________istoodifficultforher.只用that，不用which1.先行词被all,very,any,much,little,few,no等修饰时2.序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时；3.先行词前有theonly,thevery,thesame,theright等修饰时；4.all,little,much,few,none,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词作先行词；5.先行词既有人也有物6.主句以which,who,what开头的疑问句只用which，不用that有机器的房间是车间。Theroom__________thereisamachineisaworkshop.Theroom__________thereisamachineinisaworkshop.inwhich(which/that)一、非限制性定语从句二、用在介词后Ihavelostthepen,_____Ilikeverymuch.which关系副词引导的定语从句1.When表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词（如time,day,hour,year等）Fromthetimewhenhewaslittle,hehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.2.Where表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词（如place,room,house,street,area等）Thisistheplacewheremymotherwasborn.3.Why表示原因，常用在先行词reason的后面。Idon’tknowthereasonwhyshelooksunhappytoday.比较：1.Istillremembertheday____IfirstcametoBeijing.先行词“theday”在从句中做状语,表示时间:IfirstcametoBeijingontheday.(所以用关系副词when。)Istillremembertheday(_________)wespendtogether.先行词“theday”在从句中做spend宾语：Wespendthedaytogether.（所以在该句中用关系代词which/that，并且可省略。）2.Thisistheplace_____weworkedlastyear.先行词“theplace”在从句中做状语，表示地点：Weworkedintheplacelastyear.(所以用关系副词where。)比较：Thisistheplace(_________)wevisitedlastyear.先行词“theplace”在从句中做visited的宾语：Wevisitedtheplacelastyear.(所以用关系代词which/that,并且可省略。)先行词在从句中做状语，用先行词在从句中做宾语或主语，用关系副词；关系代词；选择适当的关系词完成句子1.October1,1949wastheday________thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.2.October1,1949wastheday___________hewillneverforget.(that/which)when3.Thisisthehouse________Iwasborn.where4.Thisisthehouse________windowsareveryclean.5.Thisisthehouse___________Iloveverymuch.6.Thisisthehouse_________isverybeautiful.whose(that/which)that/which7.Thisisthereason__________hewaslate.why8.Thisisthereason___________hegaveus.(that/which)关系副词都等于一个适当的介词＋which，在从句中作状语When=in/at/on/…+which;Where=in/at/on/…+which;Why=for/…+which1.Doyoustillrememberthedaywhen(____which)wewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?2.Thisisthefactorywhere(___which)myfatheronceworked.3.Thisisthereasonwhy(____which)hewaslate.oninfor1.①Istillrememberthedays_____Iworkedwiththefarmers.②Istillrememberthedays_____Ispentwiththefarmers.A.whichB.onwhichC.whenD.what2.①Wewereontheway_____itbegantorain.②Idon’tliketheway_____youspeaktoyourparents.A.whenB.thatC.howD.whichCAABinwhich/○1.I’llneverforgetthedays_____________weworkedtogether.2.I’llneverforgetthedays__________wespenttogether.3.Iwenttotheplace______________Iworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace__________Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_____________hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason__________hegave.when/inwhich(that/which)where/inwhich(which/that)why/forwhichthat/which及物动词及物动词及物动词1.Thisisthetown_____Iwasborn.Thisisthetow