选择性必修第三册 Unit 3　Environmental Protection (123)

选择性必修第三册Unit3EnvironmentalProtection高考题型组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解AMakethemostofthepleasantweatherandenjoythebestwalkoftheyearwithfriendsandfamily.Useyour2for1Entryinsomeofourfavoritelandscapegardensforamemorabledayout.PainswickRococoGardenFindbeautyandquietnessattheUK’sonlycompletesurvivingRococoGarden.Discoverfancifulgardenflowers，woodlandwalks，andbeautifullyframedviewsacrossthevalley.Dogsonshortleadsarepermittedandtheshopoffersarangeofseasonalandlocalproduce.Bookatrococogarden.org.uk.Open：closed1－25March，open26－31March,10am－4pm，lastentry2：30pm.NymansGardenWalkdownSpringWalkpackedwithseasonalflowersandpleasantsmells，andenjoythehedge(树篱)toppedwithfrost.Routesincludethosewithplentyoflevelpathstofollowaroundthegarden.Dogsarewelcomeeverydayfrom1：30pm，withafestivetreatprovided.Bookatnationaltrust.org.uk/nymans.Open：dailyexcept24and25March,10am－4pm.VentnorBotanicGardenEveninearlyspring，therearetypicallyover200varietiesofplantstobeseenfloweringasyouexplorethe27acres.Enjoyaccesstothecoastalpathandroutesaccessibleforwheelchairs，andthenwarmupwithcoffeemilkinthecaféafterward.Bookatbotanic.co.uk.Open：dailyexcept25March,9am－4pm.GibsideGardenEnjoywalkingpathsatthisGeorgianlandscapegarden，featuringplentyofwildlife.Followthewindingriverandturningvalleyforfantasticviews.Warmupwithhotchocolateanddeliciousbiscuitsinthesecond-handbookshop.Bookatnationaltrust.org.uk/gibside.Open：dailyexcept24and25March,10am－4pm.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了可以与家人和朋友一起散步的四个景观花园。1．WhatdoPainswickRococoGardenandNymansGardenhaveincommon?A．Valleyviews.B．Frostyflowers.C．Seasonalproduce.D．Petpermission.答案D解析细节理解题。根据PainswickRococoGarden部分中的“Dogsonshortleadsarepermitted”以及NymansGarden部分中的“Dogsarewelcomeeverydayfrom1：30pm”可知，这两个花园的共同之处在于都允许宠物进入。故选D。2．Whichgardenfavorspeoplewithwalkingdisability?A．PainswickRococoGarden.B．NymansGarden.C．VentnorBotanicGarden.D．GibsideGarden.答案C解析细节理解题。根据VentnorBotanicGarden部分中的“Enjoyaccesstothecoastalpathandroutesaccessibleforwheelchairs”可知，文特诺植物园适合行走不便的人。故选C。3．Wherecanthetextbefound?A．Inaresearchpaper.B．Inatravelbrochure.C．Inasciencemagazine.D．Inageographytextbook.答案B解析文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了可以与家人和朋友一起散步的四个景观花园，包括各自的特色、预订方式、开放时间等。由此可推测，本文最有可能出现在旅游手册上。故选B。B(2023·江苏苏州期中调研)Lotsofanimalsliveandmoveingroups—elephantsinherds，wolvesinpacks，birdsinflocks，andfishinschools.Researchhasshownthatwhereanindividualislocatedinthegroupcanaffectthebenefitsitgetsfromhangingoutinacrowd.However，ShaunKillen，anecophysiologistattheUniversityofGlasgowintheUKsays，researchershaven’tyetfullyexploredtheroleofphysiologicalprocessessuchasdigestionindrivinganimals’collectivebehavior.KillenandhiscolleaguesrecentlystudiedschoolsofEurasianminnows(米诺鱼)swimminginatankagainstacurrent.Piecesoffoodwereconstantlymovingpastthefish，andtheteamrecordedhowmucheachminnowateandthefishes’positionsbeforeandaftereating.Aftercalculatingthemetabolic(新陈代谢的)costsofdigestingeachfish’smealandcomparingittothefish’sposition，theteamobservedatrend:fishthathadjustgulpeddownabigmealmovedtothebackoftheschool，evenwhenthey’dswumatthefrontatmostothertimes.“Itmakessensethatfeedingwouldinfluenceindividuals’positionsinagroup，”saysDamienFarine，whostudiescollectivebehaviorinbirdsattheUniversityofKonstanzinGermany.“Ifafishishungry，it’scompetingwithothersintheschooltoeat，andbeingatthefrontgivesitaccesstomorefood.Butoncethefishisfull，itdoesn’tnecessarilyneedtobeatthefront.”Inaddition，“beingatthebackofthegroupislessenergeticallycostlyforarangeofreasons，”Farinenotes.“Anindividualatthebackdoesn’thavetocontributetonavigating，andbyrelaxingthebrainloaditsavesmoreenergy.”Killensayshe’sbeenthinkingabouttheprosandconsofbeingatthebackofthepack，suchasprotectionfromattackersandaboostfromschoolmates’slipstream.Changesinposition，especiallyduringthebasictrade-offbetweenfeedingandmovement，appeartoinfluencegroupleadership，informationtransfer，andgroupdecisionmaking.Buttheconsequencesofthetrade-offsforgrouppowerandsurvivalarenotyetunderstood.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了个体在群体中的位置会影响其所获得的利益。4．WhatdoesKillenandhiscolleagues’studyfocuson?A．Howbehavioraltraitsinfluencepositionchangesofindividualsinfishschools.B．Howlocationinfluencesnutritionstatesofindividualsinfishschools.C．Howdigestioninfluencesdistributionofindividualsinfishschools.D．Howlocationinfluencesbenefitsofindividualsinfishschools.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段的“researchershaven’tyetfullyexploredtheroleofphysiologicalprocessessuchasdigestionindrivinganimals’collectivebehavior”和第二段的“Aftercalculatingthemetabolic(新陈代谢的)costsofdigestingeachfish’smealandcomparingittothefish’sposition，theteamobservedatrend”可知，Killen和他同事的研究重点是消化如何影响鱼群中个体的分布。故选C。5．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“gulpeddown”meaninparagraph2?A．Swallowed.B．Located.C．Witnessed.D．Missed.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“abigmeal”可知，鱼是吃下大餐，gulpeddown意为“吞下，吃下”，和swallowed意思相近。故选A。6．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph3?A．Afullfishcompetestoeatattheback.B．Ahungryfishhaseasieraccesstomorefood.C．Beingatthebacksavestheenergyofafullfish.D．Beingatthefrontcostsahungryfishlessenergy.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段的“Butoncethefishisfull，itdoesn’tnecessarilyneedtobeatthefront.”和“beingatthebackofthegroupislessener