毕业论文年产十万吨聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯工艺设计

封面年产十万吨聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯工艺设计日期：2012年6月10日摘要本设计是年产十万吨聚对苯二甲酸二乙醇脂（PET）合成的工艺设计。本文对PET的研究，生产进行了详细的概述，阐述了其在化学工业中的作用与地位。并介绍了PET的制备方法和确定了PET的生产工艺。在确定PET生产工艺的基础上进行了物料衡算，热量衡算，主要设备选型，工艺管路设计。并利用Aspen软件对主要的流程进行模拟。利用AutoCAD软件绘制主要设备图，工艺流程图以及车间布置图。文中还对三废处理及废料回收、节能措施与安全防范、技术经济初步分析核算进行了简单的阐述。关键词：聚对苯二甲酸二乙醇脂，PET,Aspen,AutoCADABSTRACTISummaryThisdesignisanannualoutputofonehundredthousandtonsofpolyethyleneterephthalate(PET)processdesign.Inthispaper,thePETstudy,adetailedoverviewoftheproduction,expoundsitsroleandpositionchemicalinindustry.AndintroducesthepreparationmethodofthePETandsetthePETproductiontechnology.IndeterminingthePETproductiontechnologyisconductedonthebasisofthematerialbalancecalculations,heatbalancecalculations,themainequipmentselection,processpipingdesign.AndsimulatingthemainprograssbythesoftwareAspen.UseAutoCADsoftwaredrawthemainequipmentfigure,processflowdiagramandworkshoplayoutfigure.Thepaperalsoforwastetreatmentandrecycling,energysavingmeasuresandsafety,preliminaryanalysisontechnicalandeconomicaccountingsimplyexplained.Keywords:polyethyleneterephthalate,PET,Aspen,AutoCADI目录前言····························11概述··························-3-1.1基本概念························-3-1.2聚酯产品规格······················-4-1.3国内外聚酯生产现状···················-4-1.4全球聚酯发展与展望···················-6-1.5聚酯的应用·······················-6-2.PET简介·················错误!未定义书签。2.1结构与性能·······················-7-2.1.1原料性能指标··························-7-2.1.2PET结构及性能·························-11-2.2合成PET的副反应···················-12-3.PET生产工艺及工艺路线的选择·············-14-3.1合成原理及路线····················-14-3.1.1合成原理····························-14-3.1.2合成路线····························-15-3.2PET生产工艺流程···················-18-3.2.1连续缩聚····························-18-3.2.2间歇缩聚····························-19-3.3合成路线的选择及流程简述···············-19-3.4世界主要生产技术··············错误!未定义书签。3.5PET生产工艺条件···················-19-3.5.1催化剂····························-19-II3.5.2稳定剂····························-20-3.5.3缩聚反应的温度与时间······················-20-3.5.4缩聚反应的压力·························-21-3.5.5搅拌的影响···························-22-3.5.6其他添加剂···························-22-3.5.7总结······························-23-3.6影响聚酯切片质量的因素················-23-3.6.1EG/PTA投料比·························-23-3.6.2反应温度····························-24-3.6.3酯化反应时间··························-24-3.6.4缩聚反应釜的真空度·······················-24-3.6.5缩聚反应温度··························-24-3.6.6缩聚反应时间··························-24-3.6.7凝聚粒子······················错误!未定义书签。4物料衡算························-25-4.1物料平衡关系·····················-25-4.2物料发生的化学与物理化学变化·············-27-4.2.1化学变化····························-27-4.2.2物理化学变化（相变化）·····················-27-4.3其它数据·······················-28-4.4计算过程·······················-30-4.5物料平衡结果总汇···················-36-5能量衡算························-36-5.1主要反应条件·····················-36-6非标准设备的计算及定型设备的选型············-38-6.1聚酯反应器的选型原理·················-39-6.2第一酯化反应器····················-41-6.2.1反应器体积···························-41-6.2.2搅拌装置的设计·························-43-7工艺管道的计算·····················-43-III7.1EG进料管的选型···················-43-7.2水蒸气排放管的选型··················-44-8聚酯生产的三废处理及废料回收················28.1聚酯生产的三废处理·····················28.2聚酯废料的回收·······················38.2.1传统的化学回收技术·························38.2.2聚酯回收技术进展··························48.2.3聚酯回收市场及工业前景分析·····················59聚酯生产中的节能措施与安全防范···············79.1六种节能技术在聚酯生产中的应用···············79.1.1冷凝液回用·····························79.1.2使用氧气尾气输送对苯二甲酸·····················89.1.3优化工艺降低反应水中乙二醇（EG）含量···············89.1.4EG回用······························89.1.5热媒炉“油”改“气”·······················99.1.6聚酯装置碱洗技术·························99.2安全防范·························109.2.1防火防爆······························109.2.2防毒·······························109.2.3防烫伤······························119.2.4防辐射······························1110技术经济初步分析核算···················1211计算机模拟过程······················1411.1.画出流程图·······················1411.2.基本设置························1411.3.定义组分························1411.4.定义聚合物的连段结构··················1511.5.聚合物属性的定义····················15IV11.6.定义低聚物·······················1511.7.热力学方法的选择····················1611.8.输入进料数据······················1611.9.输入反应器数据·····················1611.10.反应基团定义·····················1611.11.定义反应速率常数···················1711.12.给每个反应定义反应速率常数···············1711.13计算结果························18参考文献···························20致谢···························211前言聚酯是热塑性饱和聚酯的总称，它包括PET、PEN、PCT及其共聚物等。其中PET是开发最早、产量最大、应用最广的聚酯。聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，英文名polyethyleneterephthalate(简称PET)，1941年由英国的J.R.Whenfield和J.T.Dikson采用乙二醇与对苯二甲酸直接酯化缩聚而得。最初是作为合成纤维的原料而开发的，1950年，美国DuPont公司以它为原料，首次开发了聚酯纤维。然而当时对苯二甲酸的精制工艺尚未工业化，首先工业化的是对苯二甲酚二甲酯（DMT）生产工艺，因此直到20世纪60年代中期，DMT一直是PET生产的主要原料。随着高纯度对苯二甲酸（PTA）工艺的不断发展，它逐渐替代了DMT成为生产PET的原料。采用高纯度的PTA不需回收，也不用回收甲醇，而且还有一个优点就是预聚合物的酯化过程比酯交换反应快得多，酯交换反应是由DMT作原料生产PET的第一步反应。聚酯的用途可分为纤维和非纤维两大类。聚酯开发初期主要用于制造合成纤维（占PET消耗量的70％左右），以聚酯为原料生产的聚酯纤维因其极佳的纺用性能，能很好地替代天然纤维中的棉花、羊毛、真丝、麻类纤维等，其用量很快超过尼龙纤维，成为合成纤维的主导产品。自从PET商品化以来，非纤维方面由于廉价的原料以及所制的薄膜和容器具有诸多优点，如质轻、透明、容