跨文化交际第五小组The-difference-between-Chinese-and-Wester

王力耕张静喻美梁钰刘岩谢马婷刘晓晗安婷婷郭瑞英小组成员：Thehistoryofmusicalinstrumentsdatesbacktothebeginningsofhumanculture.Thepurposeofearlymusicalinstrumentswasritual:ahuntermightuseatrumpettosignalsuccessonthehunt,orashamanmightuseadruminareligiousceremony.Cultureslaterdevelopedtheprocessesofcomposingandperformingmelodiesforentertainment.Musicalinstrumentsevolvedinstepwithchangingapplications.Amusicalinstrumentisbroadlydefinedasanydevicecreatedoradaptedforthepurposeofmakingmusicalsounds.Abrassinstrumentisamusicalinstrumentwhosesoundisproducedbysympatheticvibrationofairinatubularresonatorinsympathywiththevibrationoftheplayer'slips.Brassinstrumentsarealsocalledlabrosones,literallymeaninglip-vibratedinstrumentsFrenchhornAfrenchhornismadeofabout12–13feet(3.7–4.0m)oftubingwrappedintoacoilwithaflaredbell.TheyaremostlytunedinB♭orF,oracombinationofthose.Hornshavevalves,operatedwiththelefthand,toroutetheairintoextratubingtochangethepitch.Mosthornshavelever-operatedrotaryvalvesThetrumpetisthemusicalinstrumentwiththehighestregisterinthebrassfamily.Theyareplayedbyblowingairthroughclosedlips,producingabuzzingsoundthatstartsastandingwavevibrationintheaircolumninsidetheinstrument.trumpetThemostcommontrumpetisatransposinginstrumentpitchedinB♭withatubinglengthofabout148cm.Earliertrumpetsdidnothavevalves,butmoderninstrumentsgenerallyhaveeitherthreepistonvalvesor,morerarely,threerotaryvalves.Eachvalveincreasesthelengthoftubingwhenengaged,therebyloweringthepitch.Stringinstrumentsaremusicalinstrumentsthatproducesoundfromvibratingstrings.IntheHornbostel-Sachsschemeofmusicalinstrumentclassification,usedinorganology,theyarecalledchordophones.Themostcommoninstrumentsinthestringfamilyareguitar,sitar,rabab,electricbass,violin,viola,cello,doublebass,banjo,mandolin,ukulele,andharp.violinTheviolinfamilyofmusicalinstrumentswasdevelopedinItalyinthe16thcentury.Thestandardmodernviolinfamilyconsistsoftheviolin,viola,cello,anddoublebass（低音提琴）.guitarTheguitarisapluckedstringinstrument,usuallyplayedwithfingersorapick.Theguitarconsistsofabodywitharigidnecktowhichthestrings,generallysixinnumber,areattached.Guitarsaretraditionallyconstructedofvariouswoodsandstrungwithanimalgutor,morerecently,witheithernylonorsteelstrings.Somemodernguitarsaremadeofpolycarbonatematerials.Guitarsaremadeandrepairedbyluthiers.Therearetwoprimaryfamiliesofguitars:acousticandelectric.弓弦乐器一般以涂有松香的马尾琴弓来摩擦琴弦以产生音响，另外也可以用拨奏的方法来演奏。Bowedstringinstrumentsareasubcategoryofstringinstrumentsthatareplayedbyabowrubbingthestrings.•Erhu二胡•Morinkhuur马头琴•Beijingoperafiddle京胡•Rebab雷贝琴ErhuTheerhu(二胡;ornikoisatwo-stringedbowedmusicalinstrument,morespecificallyaspikefiddle,whichmayalsobecalledasouthernfiddle,andsometimesknownintheWesternworldastheChineseviolinoraChinesetwo-stringedfiddle.Itisusedasasoloinstrumentaswellasinsmallensemblesandlargeorchestras.ItisthemostpopularofthehuqinfamilyoftraditionalbowedstringinstrumentsusedbyvariousethnicgroupsofChina.Averyversatileinstrument,theerhuisusedinbothtraditionalandcontemporarymusicarrangements。ConstructionTheerhuconsistsofalongverticalstick-likeneck,atthetopofwhicharetwolargetuningpegs,andatthebottomisasmallresonatorbody(soundbox)whichiscoveredwithpythonskinonthefront(playing)end.Twostringsareattachedfromthepegstothebase,andasmallloopofstring(qianjin)placedaroundtheneckandstringsactingasanutpullsthestringstowardstheskin,holdingasmallwoodenbridgeinplace.结构二胡包括琴身（包括琴杆、琴筒、琴托、皮膜）、琴弦系统（包括琴弦、弦轴、千斤、琴马、音垫）和弓。ErhumusicErQuanYingYue(1950,MoonReflectedonSecondSpring)byABingYueYe(月夜;Yuèyè,MoonNight)andZhuyingYaohong(烛影摇红;Zhúyǐngyáohóng,ShadowsofCandlesFlickeringRed).LiuTianhua(刘天华/劉天華AlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestival(清明上河图;QingmingShanghetu)wasPerformedbyafamousyoutherhuartistSongFei(宋飞;SongFei)TheWoodwindInstrument•Getitsnamebecausetheyaremadeofwood,butnowmanyinstrumentalsousemetalandplastic.•longhistory-----boneflute骨笛classify•1.无簧：长笛Flute、短笛Piccolo•2.单簧：单簧管Clarinet、萨克管（英Saxophone、俗称萨克斯风）•3.双簧：双簧管Oboe、英国管EnglishHorn、低音管bassoon。长笛FluteIt'sasoftbass,altofluteinasilversplendorandhaveabellofpurebeauty,evenifHigh-pitchedflutealsodonotbreakitssimplicity.短笛Piccolo双簧管（Oboe）萨克管（Saxophone）•Thetoneismorepowerful,withatasteofcopperpipe,usedmoreinpopularandjazzmusic,classicalmusicdidn’tuseituntilinthelateromanticAlone在苍茫的夜色中，独自扬帆，撑一叶扁舟，顺流而上，打捞一轮溺水的月亮，打捞那亮晶晶的星辰，打捞浪漫的轨迹，打捞那醉人的温馨。。。ChineseWoodwindInstrumentMostofthewoodwindinstrumentsaremadeofsolidanddurablewood.Nowsomenewwoodwindinstrumentsaremadeofmetalmaterial,organicmaterialandglassmaterial,forexample,theflute.Thewoodwindinstrumenthasalonghistory,inancienttimes,peoplemadeholesintheanimal’sshanktomakeanoriginalflute.Modernwoodwindinstrumentsaredevelopedfromfolkmusic,suchasthereedandflute.Therearesomesoundholesinthetubebody.Youcanblockorletgothespecificsoundholestochangetheeffectivelengthtomakeadifferentpitch.Thereareroughlytwokindsofappearanceforwoodwindinstruments.Oneiscylindertype,forexample,thefluteandtheclarinet.Theotherisconetype,suchastheoboeandbassoon.Consideringthepronunciationprinciple,woodwindsaredividedintothreetypes.筚篥hichir