现在完成时课件

现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense一、构成:have/has+动词过去分词二、含义:(定义一)表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响和产生的结果.它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系.常用的时间状语有already,yet,ever,never,just,before等.句式构成1.肯定句:S(主语）+have/has(助动词）+PP(过去分词)+(其他）。2.否定句:S(语)+have/has+not+PP(过去分词)+(其他）。3.一般疑问句Have/has+S(主语)+PP(过去分词)?Yes,S+have/has.No,S+have/hasn’t.（改为否定句和一般疑问句并肯否回答)Ihaveseenhimsincehisweddingday.→Ihaven’tseenhimsincehisweddingday.→Haveyouseenhimsincehisweddingday?•HehaswrittentomesinceIhavebeenill.(改为一般疑问句)→Hashewrittentoyousinceyouhavebeenill?→Hehasn’twrittentomesinceIhavebeenill不规则动词原型-过去式-过去分词形式：1）AAA型(三种都一样)如：costcostcostcutcutcuthurthurthurtshutshutshutsetsetset2）ABB型(过去式与过去分词相同)如:bring-brought-broughtcatchcaughtcaughtleadledled3）ABC型(三种都不一样)如：begin-began-begungrowgrewgrownringrangrungbreakbrokebroken4）ABA型(原形与过去分词相同)如:come-came-comebecomebecamebecomerunranrun1.现在完成时中标志词的用法区别1.Already肯定句:句中(助后实前)/句末“己经”一般疑问句:句末(表示惊讶的语气)“难道”Eg.I’vealreadyhadbreakfast.(更常见)=I’vehadbreakfastalready.(表示强调)Haveyouhadbreakfastalready?注:有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词.Eg.She’salreadyeightyyearsold.Itwasalreadyverylate.2.yet在现在完成时中的用法否定句:句末“还(没)”疑问句:句末“己经”Eg.Ihaven’thadbreakfastyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?注:带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.Eg.Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.否定句:一般疑问句:Ihaven’tdonemyhomeworkyet.Haveyoudoneyourhomeworkyet?3.ever在现在完成时中的用法肯定句/疑问句:句中“曾经”Eg.I’veeverbeentoBeijing.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?4.never在现在完成时中的用法否定句:句中“从来没有”Eg.I’veneverbeentoBeijing.注:带ever的肯定句变否定句时,要将ever变成never;带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No,never.”Eg.Hehasevermadedumplings.否定句:Havetheyevertravelledbytrain?No,never.Hehasnevermadedumplings.5.just在现在完成时中的用法用于句中,表示“刚刚”Eg.I’vejusthadbreakfast.Whathavetheyjustdone?6.before在现在完成时中的用法用于句末,表示“以前”Eg.I’veseenitbefore.Hassheriddenabikebefore?(定义二)表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用.1.for+Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years.一段时间2.since+从句(一般过去时)词组(表示过去某一时间的)时间点Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.注:对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong,绝不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?注3):短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用,当然也不能用于howlong引导的问句中.Eg.(误)Ihavelefttherefor5years.(正)Ihavebeenawaytherefor5years.※短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换5.短暂动词和延续动词转换瞬间性动词延续性动词buyborrowcomego/leaveopen/closebegin/startend/finishdiecatchacoldbecomeinterestedingetmarriedhavekeepbeherebeaway(from)beopen/beclosedbeonbeoverbedeadhaveacoldbeinterestedinbemarried瞬间性动词延续性动词putongetupwakeupfallasleepjoinarrive/reachwearbeupbeawakebeasleepbein=beamemberofbein/athave/hasbeento，have/hasgoneto，have/hasbeenin的用法区别1“Have/hasbeento+地名”表示曾经去过某地，说话时已经回到说话地点，常与once、twice、ever、never等时间连用。2“have/hasgoneto+地名”表示去某地了，现在没有回答，人不在说话地点。3“have/hasbeenin+地名”表示“在某地”。指一种存在状态巧记：beento，gonetobeenin意不同，三者用法要记清；have/hasbeento+地名，曾经到过某地行；have/hasgoneto+地点，到某地去了已走远。have/hasbeenin+地名，已经在某地了。Since句式：Itis+一段时间+since+句子(一般过去时)=一段时间+haspassed+since+句子(一般过去时)Eg.ItisfiveyearssinceIjoinedthearmy.=FiveyearshaspassedsinceIjoinedthearmy.（一）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。HehaslivedinBeijingsince1999.自1999年以来他一直住在北京。（说明他现在仍然在北京。）HelivedinBejingin1999.在1999年的时候他在北京住过。（现在是否住在北京不知道）用动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）•1.--______you_________yourpen?(mend)•--Yes,I_______.•--When_______you_______it?•--I__________ityesterday.•2.--Howdoyoulikethefilm?•--I____________(notsee)suchamovingfilm•before.•3.Millie’ssister_______(join)theclublastweek.•Soshe_________(be)intheclubfornearly•oneweek.Havemendedhavedidmendmendedhaven’tseenjoinedhasbeen不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律•AAA:put–put–putlet—let–let•ABA:become—became—become•ABB:stand—stood—stood•ABC:eat—ate—eatenAAA•cost-cost-costread-read-read•put-put-putcut-cut-cut•let-let-letset-set-set•beat-beat-beathit-hit-hit•hurt-hurt-hurtspit-spit-spit•一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。•特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-comebecome-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA原型过去式过去分词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee--e--e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含规则动词)1.另有一些其它形式的变化。have(has)-had-hadleave-left-leftlose-lost-lostmake-made-madefeel-felt-feltspell-spelt-speltstand-stood-stood2.改变单词中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat(babysit)win-won-wonshine-shone-shonehold-held-heldfind-found-foundhear-heard-heardhang-hung(hanged)-hung(hanged)ABB(含规则动词)ABC原型过去式过去分词例词-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i--a--u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i--o--ndrive,rise,ride,writeABC有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。take-took-takengive-gave-givenfall-fell-falleneat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-writtenspeak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozenride-rode-riddenget-got-gotten(got)forget-forgot-forgotten(forgot)特殊：am/is-was-beenare-were-been,do(does)-did-donego-went-gonesee-saw-seenshow-showed-shown(showed)lie-lay(li