PEC土木工程英语证书考试-常用桥梁词汇

PEC土木工程英语证书考试-常用桥梁词汇下部结构--substructure桥墩--pier-----墩身--pier-body墩帽--pier-cap,-pier-coping台帽--abutment-cap,-abutment-coping-盖梁--bent-cap又称“帽梁”。重力式[桥]墩--gravity-pier实体[桥]墩--solid-pier空心[桥]墩--hollow-pier柱式[桥]墩--column-pier,-shaft-pier单柱式[桥]墩--single-columned-pier,-single-shaft-pier双柱式[桥]墩--two-columned-pier,-two-shaft-pier排架桩墩--pile-bent-pier丫形[桥]墩--Y-shaped-pier柔性墩--flexible-pier制动墩--braking-pier,-abutment-pier单向推力墩--single-direction-thrusted-pier抗撞墩--anti-collision-pier锚墩--anchor-pier辅助墩--auxiliary-pier破冰体--ice-apron防震挡块--anti-knock-block,-restrain-block桥台--abutment台身--abutment-body前墙--front-wall又称“胸墙”。翼墙--wing-wall又称“耳墙”。U形桥台--U-abutment八字形桥台--flare-wing-walled-abutment一字形桥台--head-wall-abutmentT形桥台--T-abutment箱形桥台--box-type-abutment拱形桥台--arched-abutment重力式桥台--gravity-abutment埋置式桥台--buried-abutment扶壁式桥台--counterfort-abutment,-buttressed-abutment衡重式桥台--weight-balanced-abutment锚碇板式桥台--anchored-bulkhead-abutment支撑式桥台--supported-type-abutment又称“轻型桥台”。组合式桥台--composite-abutment[桥]台后回填--back-filling-behind-abutment桥梁基础--bridge-foundation浅基础--shallow-foundation深基础--deep-foundation明挖基础--open-cut-foundation扩大基础--spread-foundation沉井基础--open-caisson-foundation沉井刃脚--caisson-cutting-edge气压沉箱基础--pneumatic-caisson-foundation管柱基础--colonnade-foundation双壁钢围堰钻孔桩基础--double-walled-steel-cofferdam-and-bored-pile-foundation墩式基础--pier-foundation桩基础--pile-foundation排架桩基础--pile-bent-foundation高承台桩基础--high-rise-platform-pile-foundation桩--pile单桩--individual-pile,-single-pile群桩--pile-group又称“桩群”。斜桩--battered-pile,-raked-pile锚桩--anchor-pile主桩--key-pile预制桩--precast-pile[钢筋]混凝土桩--concrete-pile预应力混凝土桩--prestressed-concrete-pile木桩--timber-pile钢桩--steel-pile钢管桩--steel-pipe-pile混凝土管桩--concrete-pipe-pile钻孔桩--bored-pile就地灌注桩--cast-in-situ-pile沉管灌注桩--tube-sinking-cast-in-situ-pile板桩--sheet-pile微型桩--mini-pile又称“小型桩”。扩底桩--under-reamed-pile支挡桩--soldier-pile抗滑桩--anti-slide-pile排土桩--displacement-pile非排土桩--non-displacement-pile摩擦桩--friction-pile支承桩--bearing-pile嵌岩桩--socketed-pile挖孔桩--cast-in-situ-pile-by-excavation打入桩--driven-pile承台--bearing-platform,-pile-cap灌浆截水墙--grouted-cut-off-wall灌浆帷幕--grouted-curtain地下连续墙--continuous-slurry-wall,-diaphragm-wall支座--bearing固定支座--fixed-bearing活动支座--expansion-bearing,-movable-bearing合成橡胶支座--elastomeric-pad-bearing板式橡胶支座--laminated-rubber-bearing盆式橡胶支座--pot-rubber-bearing聚四氟乙烯支座--polytetrafluoroethylene-bearing,-PTFE-bearing铅橡胶支座--lead-rubber-bearing滚轴支座--roller-bearing摆式支座--rocker-bearing平板支座--plate-bearing球形支座--spherical-bearing垫块支座--pad-bearing活动伸缩缝支座--sliding-expansion-bearing伸缩滚轴--expansion-roller拉压支座--tension-compression-bearing铰式支座--knuckle-bearing桥梁设计--bridge-design桥梁方案设计--bridge-conceptual-design桥梁结构设计--bridge-structure-design桥梁细部设计--bridge-detail-design荷载--load实用荷载--service-load施工荷载--construction-load开裂荷载--cracking-load疲劳荷载--fatigue-load容许荷载--allowable-load破坏荷载--failure-load桥梁试运行荷载--test-run-loading-for-bridge静载--static-load动载--dynamic-load活载--live-load恒载--dead-load永久荷载--permanent-load可变荷载--variable-load偶然荷载--accidental-load非常荷载--abnormal-load环境荷载--environmental-load均布荷载--uniform-load,distributed-load等代均布荷载--equivalent-uniform-distributed-load集中荷载--concentrated-load车道荷载--lane-load人群荷载--pedestrian-load风荷载--wind-load地震荷载--earthquake-load,seismic-force又称“地震力”。离心力--centrifugal-force冲击力--impact-force制动力--braking-force船舶撞击力--ship-collision-force土压力--earth-pressure冰压力--ice-pressure流水压力--flowing-water-pressure浮力--buoyancy下拉荷载--downdrag,-negative-friction-of-pile又称“桩负摩擦力”。拱推力--arch-thrust基础隆胀力--heave-force-of-foundation临界压曲荷载--critical-buckling-load屈服破坏荷载--failure-load-by-buckling荷载组合--loading-combinations荷载效应--load-effect标准车辆荷载--standard-truck-loading桥梁容许应力设计--allowable-stress-design-of-bridge桥梁极限状态设计--limit-state-design-of-bridge桥梁承载能力极限状态--ultimate-limit-state-of-bridge-carrying-capacity桥梁使用能力极限状态--serviceability-limit-state-of-bridge桥梁荷载系数设计法--load-factor-design-method-of-bridge桥梁概率极限状态设计法--probabilistic-limit-state-design-method-of-bridge桥梁优化设计--optimum-design-of-bridge桥梁结构可靠度--reliability-of-bridge-structure可靠度基准期--reliability-datum-period地震危险性分析--seismic-risk-analysis桥梁抗震设计--aseismatic-design-of-bridge桥梁抗震稳定性--aseismatic-stability-of-bridge地震基本烈度--basic-earthquake-intensity设计烈度--design-intensity-of-earthquake地震震级--earthquake-magnitude地震加速度--seismic-acceleration疲劳设计--fatigue-design桥头回填设计--bridge-end-backfilling-design桥梁平面结构--plane-structure-for-bridge桥梁空间结构--space-structure-for-bridge静定桥梁结构--statically-determinate-bridge-structure超静定桥梁结构--statically-indeterminate-bridge-structure结构体系转换--structure-system-transform结构完整性--structural-integrity安全系数--safety-factor冲击系数--impact-factor又称“动力系数”。荷载系数--load-factor膨胀系数--coefficient-of-expansion构件--member,-element又称“杆件”。节间--panel梁腹--web又称“腹板”。翼缘--flange又称“法兰”。加劲杆--stiffener又称“加劲肋”。加劲梁--stiffening-girder加劲腋--haunch又称“梁腋”。托架--bracket俗称“牛腿”。结点板--gusset-plate又称“节点板”。剪力键--shear-key横系杆--lateral-bracing风嘴--wind-fairing伸缩板--expansion-plate应力集中--stress-concentration应力腐蚀--stress-corrosion热应力--thermal-stress又称“温差应力”。支撑应力--bearing-stress组合应力--combined-stress容许应力--allowable-stress又称“许用应力