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1十大词性、句子成分分析、五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习一、新课导入个体名词集体名词普通名词物质名词1.名词抽象名词专有名词功能:表示人或事物的名称人称代词:主格宾格(注意it的用法)物主代词:形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词指示代词:this,that,these,those单数:myself`,yourself,himself,herself,itself,oneself反身代词:复数:ourselves,yourselves,themselves2.代词疑问代词:who,whom,whose,what,which.简单不定代词:One/ones,Either/neither,both/all,each/everyanother,other,theother,others,theothers复合不定代词:somebody,anybody,nobody不定代词someone,anyone,noonesomething,anything,nothingeverybody,everyone,everything功能:用来代替名词、形容词或数词等3.数词:基数词序数词功能:表数量或顺序4.冠词:定冠词不定冠词零冠词//功能:用在名词前,帮助说明名词所指的人或事物表地点:at/in/on/to,above/over/on,below/under/underneath….表时间:in/on/at,in/after,from/sincefrom,after/behind,5.介词:表运动:across/through/over/pass…表方位:….其他功能:用在名词、代词等前面,说明句子中词与词之间的关系可数名词不可数名词26.形容词:平级、比较级、最高级功能:用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特性、性质7.副词:平级、比较级、最高级功能:用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示动作或形状的特性并列连词:and/both/or/notonly…butalso,but/however/yet/still/while…8.连词:从属连词:if/unless,because/as/since,although/though…功能:用来连接词、短语或句子实义动词(vi./vt.)系动词助动词9.动词:情态动词不定式(todo)非谓语动词分词:现在分词(-ing)和过去分词(-ed)动名词(-ing)功能:表示人或事物的动作或状态10.感叹词:ohahwell…功能:表示说话时的感情或口气3课前小测:1.句子成分摸底测试:(1)指出下列句子划线部分是句子的什么成分?1)Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2)Hehandedmethenewspaper.3)Ishallansweryourquestionsafterclass.4)WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5)Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.(2)判断下列句子是简单句并列句还是复合句?1)WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2)TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3)Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?4)MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorning.5)HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.二:新课讲解:(一)句子成分七种句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、定语、状语、补语、表语等。句子的主要部分是主语和谓语。表语、宾语和补足语是谓语的组成部分。其他成分如定语、状语、同位语是句子的次要成分。1.主语(话题/主心骨)一句话的主体。英语句子不可或缺的成分,是全句述说的主题。常用的作主语的词类有:名词(短语)、代词、数词、名词化的形容词,不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)和从句。Georgeisabornleader.(名词)Nobodyknewwhathadhappened.(代词)Twoofuswillattendtheconferencetomorrow.(数词)Theyoungarealwayswillingtoacceptnewthings.(名词化的形容词)Togothebedearlyandtogetupearlyisagoodhabit.(不定式短语)LosinghisnewMP4madeTomverysad.(动名词短语)4Whatwecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.(名词性从句)Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(不定式做主语)总结:正常语序情况下,主语在谓语动词之前。2.谓语(动作/状态):说明主语做了什么动作,干了啥事。位于主语之后。谓语动词有人称、数、时态和语态等的变化。简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。Fathercooksverywell.Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.复合谓语:由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。Mysisterhasworkedinthecompanyforfiveyears.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.总结:谓语部分由动词,动词短语或系表结构构成。3.宾语(被K的对象——主语发出的各种动作都落在宾语身上)及物动词动作的对象和介词所联系的对象。英语有单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语、同源宾语等。双宾语又分为直接宾语和间接宾语。凡能做主语的词、短语或从句都可以作宾语。(1)单宾语(宾语)可以作宾语的成分主要有名词(短语)、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、名词化的分词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句等。Icanhardlyheartheradio.Wouldyoupleaseturnitup?(名词、代词)Ifyouput5and7together,you’llget12,littleTom.(代词)Weshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)Remembertotellhimtocome.(不定式)Pleasestopmakingnoise.(动名词)DoyouunderstandwhatImean?(名词性从句)(2)双宾语(直接宾语&间接宾语)双宾语指动词后面接指人和物的两个宾语。指人的宾语叫间接宾语,指物的宾语叫直接宾语。其结构为:主语+及物动词(短语)+sb.+sth.Pleasetellmehowtheaccidentcameabout.Theteacheraskedmeaquestiontoodifficulttoanswer.5(3)同源宾语少数不及物动词后面能跟一个特定的名词作宾语,这个名词和前面的动词在词根上相同的或者在意义上是相近的,这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。同源宾语前面常有修饰语。laughagoodlaugh大笑blowaheavyblow沉重的一击smileasweetsmile甜甜的微笑dreamaterribledream做了一个恶梦dieabravedeath死得英勇liveahappylife过着幸福的生活4.表语(在系动词之后)说明主语是什么样的。(身份状态特征类属性质等)表语与前面的系动词一起构成谓语。Hisfatherisanexperiencedteacher.(名词)Sheisoverfifty,butshedoesn’tlookit.(名词、代词)Thesestudentsarecarefulwhileothersarecareless.(形容词)Theclassmeetingwasoveratlast.(副词)Bequiet;theyareatworknow.(介词短语)Hishobbyiscollectingforeignstamps.(动名词短语)Mywishistobecomeadoctorinthefuture.(不定式短语)Thenewsofhersuccessisreallyexciting.(现在分词)(已形容词化)Thatiswhereyourmistakesare.(名词性从句)总结:与系动词一起构成谓语。5.定语(商品外包装——起修饰作用)定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语,它常和名词构成名词短语。定语可分为前置定语和后置定语两种。(1)前置定语可以充当前置定语的有形容词、代词、数词、名词和名词所有格、动词的-ing形式、动词的-ed形式等。Manypeoplehavehelpedwith(canned)food.(过去分词)Open(your)mouthandputout(your)tongue.(代词的所有格)Shecutthecakeinto(two)pieces.(数词)Iwanttobuysome(coffee)cups.(名词)Putthechildinthe(sleeping)bag.(动名词)Youshouldadapttothe(changing)situation.(现在分词)(2)后置定语可以充当后置定语的有形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式(短语),动词的-ing短语,动词的-ed短语,从句等。6Allpeople(presentattheparty)werehissupporters.(形容词短语)Ihavegotsomething(interesting)totelleveryoneofyou.(形容词)Thebuildings(around)werebadlydamaged.(副词)Thebooks(onthetopshelf)werejustbought.(介词短语)Let’stryanotherway(todothis).(不定式)Thereisagentleman(askingtoseeyou).(现在分词短语)Mostofthepeople(invitedtotheparty)werefamousscientists.(过去分词)Helosthisnewpen(thatwasboughtlastweek).(定语从句)6.状语(商品标签)状语是用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或句子的一种句子成分。它可以表示时间,地点,方式,程度,原因,目的,结果,条件和让步等关系。可以充当状语的有副词,介词短语,不定式,分词,,形容词,名词和从句。[Atthenews],themotherstood[there],[greatlysurprised].(介词短语、副词、形容词)TheyheldtheEnglishparty[intheopenair].(介词短语)Justwait[amoment];Iamdressingmyself.(名词)[Tohearmoreclearly],shesatinthefrontoftheclassroom.(不定式)[Finishingallherhomework],shesurfedtheInternetforawhile.(现在分词短语)[Seenfromthetopofthehill],thesmallcitylooksmorebeautiful.(过去分词短语)Don’tleavehere[untilyouworkoutthemathproblem].(时间状语从句)7.补语补足语用来说明宾语或主语的性质,状态等的一种句子成分。名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,现在分词,过去分词,不定式等皆可以作补足语。宾补:补充说明宾语怎么样了。IsawnobodyinsoIleft.(副词)You’dbetterkeepthebooksstandingonthedesk.(现在分词)Themotherdidn’tallowherdaughtertogooutaloneatnight.(不定式)Thecomingexamkeepsmebusywithmylesso
本文标题:十大词性-句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习(附答案)
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