西安市大型超市销售熟肉制品安全状况调查及相关因素分析

硕士学位论文西安市大型超市销售熟肉制品安全状况调查及相关因素分析段普科培养类别非全日制学位类型专业学位一级学科(专业类)公共卫生二级学科(专业)环境与健康研究方向食品卫生监督指导教师沈学锋副教授培养单位军队劳动与环境卫生学教研室二O一四年五月分类号R155.55UDC614.3密级公开第四军医大学TheFourthMilitaryMedicalUniversity独独创创性性声声明明秉承学校严谨的学风与优良的科学道德，本人声明所呈交的论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。尽我所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，不包含本人或他人已申请学位或其他用途使用过的成果。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了致谢。申请学位论文与资料若有不实之处，本人承担一切相关责任。论文作者签名：日期：保保护护知知识识产产权权声声明明本人完全了解第四军医大学有关保护知识产权的规定，即：研究生在校攻读学位期间论文工作的知识产权单位为第四军医大学。本人保证毕业离校后，发表论文等使用本论文工作成果时第一署名单位仍然为第四军医大学。学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容（含电子版，保密内容除外），可以采用影印，缩印或其他复制手段保存论文；学校有权允许论文被查阅和借阅，并在校园网上提供论文内容的浏览和下载服务。同意学校将论文加入《中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库》和编入《中国知识资源总库》等，并可浏览和下载，同时享受《中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库出版章程》规定的相关权益。论文作者签名：导师签名：日期：第四军医大学硕士学位论文目录缩略语表····························································································································1中文摘要····························································································································2英文摘要····························································································································5前言····························································································································9文献回顾··························································································································11正文··························································································································24第一部分西安市大型超市食品从业人员食品安全知识-态度-行为调查···············24引言···························································································································241对象和方法···········································································································242结果·······················································································································253讨论·······················································································································30第二部分西安市大型超市销售熟肉制品微生物污染调查分析·····························32引言···························································································································321材料和方法···········································································································322结果·······················································································································333讨论·······················································································································35第三部分西安市食品从业人员食品安全知识-态度-行为与熟肉制品微生物污染相关性分析·······························································································37引言···························································································································371对象和方法···········································································································372结果·······················································································································373讨论·······················································································································40小结··························································································································43参考文献··························································································································45附录··························································································································52个人简历和研究成果······································································································56致谢··························································································································57第四军医大学硕士学位论文-1-缩略语表缩略词英文全称中文全称CFUColony-FormingUnits菌落形成单位MNPMostProbableNumber昀大可能数SESalmonellaEnteritidis沙门氏菌LMListeriaMonocytogenes单核细胞增多性李斯特菌KAPKnowledgeAttitudePractice知识态度行为CACCodexAlimentariusCommission国际食品法典委员会FDAU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration美国食品药品管理局WHOWorldHealthOrganization世界卫生组织WTOWorldTradeOrganization世界贸易组织CDCCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention疾病预防控制中心HACCPHazardAnalysisandCriticalControlPoint危害分析和关键控制点GMPGoodManufacturingPractice良好生产规范SSOPSanitationStandardOperationProcedures卫生标准操作程序FSIFoodSafetyInitiative食品安全计划USCUnitedStatesCode美国法典SPSAgreementontheApplicationofSanitaryandPhytosanitaryMeasures卫生和植物卫生措施应用协定TBTAgreementOnTechnicalBarrierstoTrade贸易技术壁垒协定第四军医大学硕士学位论文-2-西安市大型超市销售熟肉制品安全状况调查及相关因素分析硕士研究生：段普科导师：沈学锋副教授第四军医大学军事预防医学院军队劳动与环境卫生学教研室，西安710032中文摘要近年来，食品安全问题得到国际社会的广泛关注，控制食品中病原微生物和有害化学物污染，降低食源性疾病的发生与流行，成为世界各国政府保障食品安全的重要目标。由于熟肉制品富含脂肪、蛋白质和水分的特点，易受到微生物污染，引起食源性疾病的发生。尤其是根据2010-2012年卫生部公布的统计资料表明，由细菌性来源导致的熟肉制品污染是引起食物中毒的主要来源。因此，调查分析熟肉制品细菌污染水平，分析其相关因素和可能来源对降低食源性疾病和食品安全监管具有重要意义。目的：本研究旨在通过对西安市大型超市食品从业人员进行食品安全知识-态度-行为（KAP）调查，并对相关大型超市销售的熟肉制品进行细菌学检测，分析食品从业人员食品安全知识-态度-行为和熟肉制品细菌学污染水平之间的相关性，为可能出现的食品安全问题，及时做出有效的预报和处置，把潜在的食品安全风险降到昀小，以全面提升食品安全监管的效率。方法：（1）本研究采用自编调查问卷的方式，采取整群抽样的方法