初中宾语从句讲解及练习

宾语从句在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它在句中可以充当及物动词、介词或形容词的并与。宾语从句的三大考点即：引导词、时态和语序。一、宾语从句的引导词1.that引导的宾语从句当宾语从句是陈述句时，用连接词that引导，that在口语、非正式文体中常被省略。Hesays(that)hehasbeentoShanghaitwice.他说他去过上海两次。Shesaid(that)shewenttotheparklastweek.她说她上周去公园了。2.特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，特殊疑问词就是引导词。特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句疑问词不可省略。Couldyoupleasetellmewherewewillhaveameeting?你能告诉我们将在哪儿开会吗？IwonderedwhatIshoulddonext.我想知道下一步该做什么。3.if或whether引导的宾语从句（1）当宾语从句由一般疑问句变来时，要用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。If和whether只起到连接作用，不充当句子成分，一般情况下可互换，但if常用于口语中，whether常用于正式文体中。Iwanttoknowif/whetherheiswaitingforme.我想知道他是否在等我。Couldyoutellmeif/whetheryouhavebeentoAustralia?你能告诉我你是否去过澳大利亚吗？（2）下列情况下一般只能用whether：①与ornot连用时Idon’tknowwhetherhelikesthemovieornot.我不知道他喜不喜欢这部电影。②作介词的宾语时Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.一切取决于我们是否有足够的时间。③放在不定式前，与不定式组成词组时Shehasn’tdecidedwhethertogoornot.她还没决定去还是不去。④作discuss等词的宾语时Wediscussedwhetherweshouldclosetheshop.我们讨论了是否该关闭那家商店。二、宾语从句的时态（1）如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可用其所需的任何时态。Hesays(that)hehasseenthisfilm.他说他已经看过这部电影了。Hesays(that)heiswatchingTV.他说他正在看电视。（2）如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句常用过去的某种时态。HesaidtheywouldgotoHainanwinterholiday.他说他们将去海南度假。Shedidn’tknowiftheyhadseenthemovie.她不知道他们是否看过那部电影了。注意：如果从句的内容表示的是客观真理或不可改变的自然现象等，虽然主句用了过去时态，从句仍然用一般现在时。Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转动。Theteachersaidlighttravelsfasterthansound.老师说光比声音传播得快。三、宾语从句的语序当宾语从句是疑问句时，要用陈述语序。What’shisfather’sname?他父亲叫什么名字？Idon’tknowwhathisfather’snameis?我不知道他父亲叫什么名字？WhenwilltheyleaveforShanghai?你们什么时候去上海？CanyoutellmewhentheywillleaveforShanghai?你能告诉我他们什么时候去上海吗？四、宾语从句的否定转移当宾语从句表示否定意义时，如果主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等词时，通常将否定转移到主句的谓语动词中。Idon’tbelievehewillcome.我相信他不会来了。Idon’tthinkthereisanythingwrongwiththeradio.我认为这台收音机没有毛病。注意：1.当宾语从句的否定转移时，若主句的主语是第一人称，则该句的反意思疑问句由从句来决定。Idon’tthinkheisanhonestboy,ishe?我认为他不是一个诚实的孩子，对吗？2.若主句的主语不是第一人称，则该句的反意疑问句由主句来决定。Youbelievehewillcomeheresoon,don’tyou?你相信他很快就会来这儿，不是吗？练习一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1.TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.3.Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.Jackdidn’tknow_____there_________ameetinginfivedays.4.CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow___________________________French.5.Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellme______thechildren____________games.6.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang.Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang____________________homeworkyet.7.Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknows_______________________________inthepicture?8.Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknow______________hercar?9.Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.Thegirlwondered__________often________about.10.Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknow___________atthedoorsoloudly.11.Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknow______hestill_______inthatstreet.12.What'shisname?Iaskedhim.Iaskedhimwhat_______________.13.Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.Pleasetellme__________________________________.14.Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.Heaskedtheboys_______they______friedchicken.15.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.二、完成句子1．Iwantedtoknow_______________________________(她在和谁交谈)2．Hesaid_______________________________________(他以前见过我)3．I'msorryfor__________________________________(我所做的事)4．Theteacherasked______________________________(谁能回答这个问题)5．Janesaidthat__________________________________(她将乘飞机去那里)6．Iwantedtoknow_______________________________(她是否有一些钱)7．Wehaven'tdecided____________________________(我们下一步该做什么)8．IthinkthatEnglishis___________________________(没有数学难)9．I'mnotsure___________________________________(昨天天气是否晴朗)10．Heaskedme__________________________________(是如何处理这件事的)11．Doyouknow_________________________________(是否要下雨)12．Iwantedtoknow______________________________(她是否来还是不来)三、用合适的连接词填空。1.Jimtoldme____hedidn'tgofishingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）2.Doyouknow______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday？（who,whom）3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.（that,if）4.Healwaysthinks______hecandobetter.（how,who）5.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）6.Theydon'tknow_______togoorwait.(if,whether)7.Wearetalkingabout______we’llgobacktomorrow.(whether,if)8.Iwasreallysurprisedat______Isaw.(where,what)9.Idon'tknow____somanypeoplearelookingathim.(how,why)10.Doyouknow______youarestudyingfor?(why,what)四、句型转换。1.“Doyouwanttotryit?”Tom'smotheraskedhim.(同义句)Tom'smotheraskedhim____________________totryit.2.Ithinkthisisagoodidea.（改为否定句）I_______________this________agoodidea.3.Lucyhasn'tdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.（改为复合句Lucyhasn'tdecided________________________________buy.4.Idon'tknowhowIcangettothehospital.（改为简单句Idon'tknow________________________tothehospital.5.Idon’tsupposetheywillcome,_____________?(改为反意疑问句)五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1.Wearesurethathe________(go)toschooltomorrow.2.Doyouknowwho______(be)thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?3.Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice______(is)?4.Ourfathersaidthathe_______(will)buyanewcomputer.5.Ihearthathe_______(swim)inthesea