英语必修一Unit4单词讲解

Unit4Earthquakes•earthquaken.地震•Eg:ItisreportedthatanearthquakebrokeoutlastnightinSoutheastAsia.•rightaway立刻；马上•同义词：rightnow=straightaway=atonce=innotime=immediately•注意：rightnow除表示“立刻，马上”之外，还表示“现在，此刻”，比now的语气强，相当于atthismoment,atpresent，用于进行时。•well•①n.井•Eg:Abookisawellofknowledge.•②adj.健康的•Eg:Ihopeyouwillgetwellsoon.•③adv.熟练地，有效地•Eg:Heplaysthepianoverywellforhisage.•smellyadj.有臭味的，发臭的•Eg:Hissocksaresmelly.•拓展：•blood─bloodycloud─cloudy•rain─rainygreed─greedy•词根：smell可用作系动词或实义动词，用作系动词时，意为“闻起来”；用作实义动词时意为“闻”•Eg:Youmaysmellthemixtureanditsmellsterrible.blood+-y=bloodyrain+-y=rainycloud+-y=cloudywind+-y=windysnow+-y=snowygreed+-y=greedydream+-y=dreamytaste+-y=tastyice+-y=icyfat+-y=fattymud+-y=muddyfog+-y=foggysun+-y=sunny流血的多云的下雪的幻想的冷漠的，冰的泥泞的肥胖的下雨的多风的贪婪的美味的阳光灿烂的有雾的•burst•①v.（使）爆裂；（使）破裂；（使）爆炸•Eg:Youaregoingtobursttheballoonifyouarenotcareful.•Theballoonsuddenlyburst.•②v.猛冲；突然出现•Eg:Heburstintotheroomwithoutknocking.•burstinto+n.=burstoutdoingsth.突然……起来eg:burstintolaughter=burstoutlaughingeg:她突然笑起来。Sheburstoutlaughing.Sheburstinto.他突然大哭起来。Heburstoutcrying.Heburstinto.n.突然爆裂，爆发短语：aburstof…一阵…eg:一阵笑声laughtertearsaburstoflaughter勃然大怒aburstofangerburstintoburstwith闯入充满•eventn.•（1）[C]（尤指涉及几个人的）事件，大事•Eg:Thatwasanimportanthistoricalevent.•（2）[C]（体育比赛等的）项目，赛事•Eg:TheOlympicGamesareimportanteventsinthesportsworld.4.atanend结束，终结eg:炎热的天气终于结束了。Thehotdaysareatlastatanend.Thehotdayscometoanendatlast.beatanend=cometoanend结束短语：putanendto…=bring…toanend使…结束eg:他们应该结束战争。Theyshouldputanendtothewar.Theyshouldbringthewartoanend.辨析：atanend,intheend,attheendof,bytheendof…………1).atanend:表示“终结，结束”，与be动词连用。eg:战争结束了。Thewarwasatanend.=Thewarcametoanend.2).intheend:表示“最终，终于”，单独使用作状语。eg:最终他们放弃了那项计划。Theygaveuptheplanintheend.(atlast)3).attheendof:表示“在…的尽头/末尾”eg:今年年底，我父亲要回家。Myfatherwillcomehomeattheendofthisyear.Heisattheendofhispatience.他已经忍耐到极限了。4).bytheendof:到…末为止，常与完成时态连用。bytheendoflast…用于过去完成时bytheendofnext…用于将来完成时eg:到上个月末为止，他在那条船上已经待了两年。Bytheendoflastmonth,hehadbeenonthatshipfortwoyears.到下学期末为止，我将学会3000多个英语单词。Iwillhavelearnedmorethan3000Englishwordsbytheendofnextterm.5.nationn.民族，国家，国民单词积累：nationaladj.国家的，民族的，国营的nationalityn.国籍辨析：nation,country,state易混词辨析例句nationcountrystate侧重指“人民”，即“国民”Thewholenationwasindeepsorrow.举国悲痛。侧重指“疆土”，即“国土”。HehasbeentomanyAfricancountries.他去过许多非洲国家。侧重指“政权”“政体”，即“国权”He’saheadofstate.他是一位国家元首。•ruin•（1）n.[U]毁坏；毁灭；灭亡•Eg:Thewarbroughtruintothecountry.•（2）n.倒塌的建筑物，废墟•Eg:Thecastlenowliesinruins.•注意：ruin表示“废墟，遗迹”，常用复数，常构成inruins，意为“严重受损，破败不堪”，强调状态，常用作表语或状语。•（3）v.（完全地）毁坏，毁掉；使破产•Eg:Iwasruinedbythatlawcase.•拓展：•beinruins呈一片废墟bringsthtoruin使某物毁灭bringsbtoruin使某人破产sufferingn.[U]疼痛，痛苦，折磨，苦难eg:Deathfinallybroughtanendtohersuffering.注意：sufferings表示“痛苦，苦恼”eg:Thehospitalaimstoeasethesufferingsofthedying.•extreme•（1）adj.极度（大）的；严重的；极端的；过分的•Eg：extremeweatherconditions极端恶劣的天气情况•extremesports极限运动•（2）n.[C]完全相反的事物；极端，极度，极限•Eg:extremesofcold,windorrain严寒，狂风，骤雨•拓展：gotoextremes走极端injurehurtwoundharm指损害健康，成就，容貌等，强调功能的丧失，常指事故中的伤害普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上，感情上的伤害指枪伤，刀伤，刺伤等皮肉之伤，尤指战场上所受的伤一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤及人的健康，权利，事业等Abulletinjuredhislefteye.一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。Idon’twanttohurtyou.我不想伤害你。Thesoldierwaswoundedbadly.这位士兵严重受伤。Smokingseriouslyharmedhishealth.吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。•track•（1）n.[C]足迹，踪迹；轨道，跑道•Eg:Wefollowedthebear’stracksinthesnow.•（2）vt.跟踪，追踪•Eg:Wecontinuedtrackingtheplaneonourradar.•拓展：keeptrackof记录；掌握……的线索•uselessadj.无用的，无效的，无价值的•Eg:Heknewitwasuselesstoprotest.•固定句式：Itisuseless(nouse)doingsth做某事是无用的•shock•（1）v.使震惊；使惊愕；使难以置信•搭配：beshockedat对……感到震惊•beshockedtodosth惧怕做某事eg:Themurderofsuchayoungchilddeeplyshockedthewholecommunity.（2）v.（使）愤慨，（使）生气eg:Justignorealltheirbadlanguage─theyonlydoittoshock.（3）n.令人震惊的（情况，消息）搭配：beashocktosb对某人来说是一个打击eg:Itwasarealshocktohearthatthefactorywouldhavetoclose.•shockedadj.惊愕的，感到震惊的shockingadj.令人震惊的rescue（1）n.[C,U]救援，营救；救援行动eg:Therescueteammadetenrescuesinaweek.（2）vt.救援，拯救，解救搭配：rescuesb/sthfrom把……从……（地方）解救出来eg:Theyrescuedtheboyfromtheburninghouse.•arescueteam救援队rescueworker救援人员trap（1）vt.（trapped）困住，关住，使陷入危险中搭配：betrappedin困在……中eg:Thecarwastrappedinthedeepsnow.（2）n.[C]陷阱；困境；圈套，诡计eg:Shehadsetatrapforhimandhehadwalkedstraightintoit.•electricity•n.[U]电，电力•Eg:Thismachineisrun/drivenbyelectricity.•拓展：turnon/offelectricity接通/切断电源electricadj.用电的，电动的electricaladj.电的，与电有关的electronicadj.电子的•disastern.灾难，灾祸•Eg:Thefirewasagreatdisaster.•拓展：atrafficdisaster一起交通事故•naturaldisaster自然灾害•adisasterarea灾区•digout(dug)挖出，翻找出•Eg:Whydidyoudigoutthoseoldmagazines?9.buryvt.埋葬，掩埋，隐藏eg:她被安葬在她丈夫的坟边。Shewasburiedbesideherhusband’sgrave.她双手捂着脸哭了起来。Sheburiedherfaceinherhandsandcried.短语：buryoneselfin…=beburiedin….专心于…，埋首于…bendone’smind/efforts/thoughtsto…devoteoneselfto…=bedevotedto…专心于…，献身于…belostin…陷入…中10.sheltern.掩蔽，躲避处，避难，保护短语：takeshelterfrom…躲避…vt.&vi.庇护，掩护(常与from搭配使用)意为“保护…不受…的伤害/侵害”eg:人们在百货商场躲避阵雨。Peopletookshelterfromtheshowerinthedepartmentstore.那些树木庇护田地不受冷风侵袭。Thetreesshelterthefieldfromthecoldwind.•title•（1）n.[C]标题，题目•Eg:HisnovelwaspublishedunderthetitleofLoveandReason.•（2）n.[C]职位名称；职称•Eg:Theofficialtitleofthejobis“AdministrativeAssistant”.•（3）vt.（给书籍，乐曲等）加标题•Eg:The