南京新译林版七上单元语法整理及练习(同步课本)

7AU1动词be的一般现在时我们常用动词be的一般现在时谈论事实和状态。例如：IamfromChina.Heis12yearsold.Weareveryhappy.注意：主语可以是人称代词,也可以是名词，动词be要与主语保持一致。例如：Thelittledogisverycute.Theseapplesarebigandred.1.如果主语是代词，在非正式行文中，动词be与前面主语可以缩写。如：Iam=I’mYouare=You’reSheis=She’sHeis=He’sItis=It’sWeare=we’reTheyare=they’re2.动词be一般现在时的否定句式是在be后面加not.例如：Sheisnottall.Theyarenotintheclassroom.在非正式行文中，动词is/are与not可以缩写。如：isnot=isn’t、arenot=aren’t。3.动词be一般现在时的一般疑问句式是将be提前至句首。例如：—AreyoustillinGrade7?—Yes,Iam.—IsTomyourclassmate?—No,heisn’t.注意：am与not不能缩写。在肯定答语中，主语和动词be不能缩写。如“Yes,heis.”不能缩写成“Yes,he’s.”练习一、填be的正确形式。1.MynameisMillie.I_______12yearsold.2.Hello,_________youSimon?3.They________myclassmates.We______inGrade7.4.Look!Sandy_____overthere.5.MrWu_______ourEnglishteacher.6._________ourschoolnice,boysandgirls?二、填be的正确形式。Millie:Hi,Sandy.Ourschool______big.Sandy:Yes,it___.Theclassroom______bigtoo.Simon:Ourteachers______nice.MrWu______agoodteacher.Sandy:_____heourChineseteacher?Millie:No,he_____.He______ourEnglishteacher.Simon:______yougoodatEnglish,Sandy?Sandy:No,I______.7AU2行为动词的一般现在时用一般现在时谈论我们经常做的事，目前的爱好、能力等以及不受时限的客观事实。这时我们常使用行为动词，这种动词有具体、实际的含义。试比较：Theyarehard-workingstudents.Theyworkhard.注意：当我们用一般现在时进行表达的时候，不能同时使用动词be和行为动词。例如：IamfromChina.√IcomefromChina.√IamcomefromChina.×1.行为动词的一般现在时可用于以下情况：1）经常性、习惯性的动作例如：Igotoschoolat7o’clockeverymorning.2）目前的爱好、能力等例如：Shesingsverywell.3）不受时限的客观事实。例如:Fishliveinwater.根据主语的人称和数的不同，行为动词的一般现在时有两种形式。①主语为第一、二和三人称复数时，行为动词使用其原形。例如：Wehavelunchatschool.Myparentswatchfilmsatweekends.②主语为第三人称单数时行为动词使用其第三人称单数形式。例如：Shedoesherhomeworkintheevening.Heplaysfootballeveryday.2.行为动词一般现在时的第三人称单数形式构成方法如下：2.行为动词一般现在时的否定式：规则举例读音变化大多数+smake-makes,live-lives清辅音后的s读[s];浊辅音或元音后的s读[z]以ch,sh,ss或x结尾的动词后+esteach-teachesfinish-finishesguess-guessesfix-fixeses读[Iz]以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，去y,+iescarry-carriescry-crieses读[z]注：若是元音字母+y结尾，不用此规则。如：play-plays以辅音字母+o结尾的动词+esgo-goeses读[z]特殊变化have-hasdonot/doesnot+行为动词非正式行文中：donot=don’tdoesnot=doesn’t例句：StudentsdonotgotoschoolonSunday.Hedoesnotworkinthisshop.3.行为动词一般现在时的疑问句式：do/does+主语+其他例如：Doyouplaybasketballafterschool?DoesJohnspeakChinese?注意：在疑问句和否定句中，助动词之后的行为动词均用原形。4.区分行为动词do和助动词do的用法例如：IdonotdohouseworkonSaturday.DoyoudohouseworkonSaturday?第一个do是助动词，第二个do是行为动词。练习A.选词填空。dancegolikeplaywatch1.I________playingvolleyball.2.Kitty_______verywell.3.Amy____________swimmingeveryweek.4.Simonoften__________footballwithhisfriends.5.Danielsometimes_______ballgamesonTV.B.根据表格和例子填空。listeningtomusicSimonKittySandyswimmingAmyDanielreadingAmyDanielMillieSandySimonwalkingAmyDanielMillieKittydrawingAmyMillieSandy例：__Do___SandyadKittyenjoylisteningtomusic?____Yes,theydo.___1._____Millielikeswimming?___________________________2.______Amyenjoyreading?___________________________3.______Simonlikewalking?___________________________4.______SimonandDaniellovedrawing?________________________C.用所给词的正确形式填空。Daniel:Hi,Simon._________you______(play)footballatweekends?Simon:Ofcourse.Ioften__________(play)footballwithmycousins.Daniel:_________yourparents________(go)withyou?Simon:No,theydon’t.Butmydadsometimes_______(watch)ourgames.Sometimeshe______(read)athome.Mymumoften________(shop)atweekends.Whataboutyou,Daniel?Daniel:Ioften______(stay)athome.SometimesI__________(go)swimmingwithmydad.7AU3人称代词用人称代词来代替表示人或物的名词。例如：LucyandIaretwins.WearefromtheUSA.Lookattheseflowers.Theyarebeautiful.Thepandaiscute.Everyonelikesit.Helenismycousin.Ioftenplaywithher.注意：人称代词还可以代指动植物及无生命的物体。人称代词在句子中作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格。主格常位于句首，宾格一般在动词或介词后。人称代词主宾格归纳如下：人称代词单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem练习一、用主格形式填空。Millie：Mum,lookatthepicturesofmyfriendsonthewall.Mum:OK.Letmesee.IsthisDaniel?Millie:Yes,itis.Danielisclever._________isgoodatMaths.Mum:IsthatSimon.Millie?Millie:Yes,Mum.Simonistall.______isinourschoolfootballteam.Mum:ThisisKitty,Ithink.Millie:No.ThisisAmy.______hasshorthair.That’sKitty._____haslonghair.Mum:Ohyes.____aregoodfriends,right?Millie:Yes,Mum._______areallverynice._____lovethem.二、用宾格形式填空。(onthephone:Daniel→hisgrandpa)Daniel:I’matanewschool,Grandpa.Letmetellyouabout_____.MrWuisourEnglishteacher.Wealllike_______.Ihavesomenewfriends.Iliketoplaywith______afterclass.I’mnotgoodatEnglish.SometimesMilliehelps____.IsGrandmaathomenow?Iwanttosayhelloto________.Grandpa:Pardon?Daniel,Ican’thear_____wellonthephone.7AU4表示时间的介词（in/on/at）在不同的时间前加in,on,at来表示做某事的时间介词用于举例in一天中的早中晚月份季节年Inthemorning/afternoon/eveningInJanuary/February/March/April/May/June/July/August/September/October/November/DecemberInspring/summer/autumn/winterIn2008/2012/2100on星期某一天某一天的早中晚特定的节日（一天）OnSunday/Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday/SaturdayOn1SeptemberOnacoldmorning/SundayafternoonOnChildren’sDayat某一时刻年龄At4:15At12(yearsold)注意：如果节日不止一天，而是持续一段时间，我们用at。如：atChristmas、attheSpringFestival.频度副词表示做某件事的频率。例如：Healwaysgetsupatsixinthemorning.Wedonotoftengotothecinema.Iamneverlateforschool.注意：频度副词一般放在行为动词的前面、助动词do/does和动词be的后面。频度副词表示的频率由低到高为：Neverseldomsometimesoftenusuallyalways0%100%练习一、介词填空。DearMillie,Thanksforyouremail.Iwouldliketotellyouaboutmylifehere.Ourlessonsbegin_______nineo’clock.Usu