英国文学史及选读1-2册复习大纲

Part1TheAnglo—SaxonPeriod（449-1066）秧格鲁-撒克逊时期1.HistoricalBackgroundCelts400B.C.Romans50B.C.Anglo—Saxons450A.DNormanInvasion1066A.D.Romanempire从albion撤军，teutonictribes(包括angles,Saxons,jutes)（条顿人or日耳曼人）陆续登陆此地2.Literature1,pagan异教徒文学2christian基督徒文学alliterativeverse头韵诗Epic:Beowulf贝奥武甫（Denmark背景）（thehallheorot鹿庁，grendel:amonsterhalf-human）1)Oralorigin,recitedincourt,handeddowningenerationsuntilfinallyitwasrecordedbycertainpoet.上下部分由pagan写，插入由christian写2)amixtureofhistoryandlegend.，england’snationalepic民国史诗PartIITheAnglo-NormanPeriod(1066-1350)秧格鲁-诺曼时期1.HistoricalBackgroundRomanconquest,接着是englishconquest，最后是normanconquest。TheNormanConquestin1066DukeWilliamofNormandyclaimedhimselfWilliamI,KingofEngland.（thebattleofhastings希斯廷战役）Kings—Barons男爵—Knights,afeudalsystemofhierarchy统治集团wasformed2.ThelanguageUpperclasses:French,LatinThecommonpeople:OldEnglishThreelanguagesco-existedinEngland.FrenchbecametheofficiallanguageusedbythekingandtheNormanlords;Latinbecametheprincipaltongueofchurchaffairsandinuniversities;andOldEnglishwasspokenonlybythecommonEnglishpeople.3.TheliteratureRomancewasatypeofliteraturethatwasverypopularintheMiddleAges.Itisaboutthelifeandadventuresundertakenbyaknight.Itreflectedthespiritofchivalry骑士制度.Thecontentofromance:love,chivalryandreligion.Itinvolvesfighting,adventures.Subjectmatter:Geoffrey’sHistory杰弗里《史记》，rimingchronicles押韵编年史，metricalverse格律诗体，doggerelverse打油诗体1)theMatterofFranceeg.Charlemagneandhispeers查理曼大帝和他的骑士2)MatterofGreeceandRomeegAkexabder亚历山大大帝3)MatterofBritaintaleshavingfortheirheroesArthurandhisknightsoftheRoundTable3.mainliteratureSirGawainandthegreenknight.高文爵士和绿衣骑士（arthur，gawain,greenknight,morgainthefay-woman妖精摩根,thegreengirdle绿腰带）PartIIIGeoffreyChaucer(1340—1400)杰弗里.乔叟时期1.HistoricalBackgroundHewaslivingatthesametimeasthewriterofSirGawain.In1350AD,100Years'WarbetweenEnglandandFrance.TheEnglishwon,theycontrolledlargeFrenchterritory领土.TheHenryVIlostitall.HeisfatherofEnglishpoetryWaroftheRoses1455-1485AD2.What'smiddleageslike?1).Themedievalsociety:hierarchy等级制度socialsystem.2).AnotherimportantthinginthemedievalsocietyisChristianity基督God-centeredthinking,mindideology思想体系3.LifeandworkofChaucerChaucerlivedbetween(1340-1400).HislifeiscloselyconnectedwiththeKingandtheroyalfamily.Chaucerisworkinginaroyalfamilyasapage小侍臣.HemarriedthesisterofGaunt'swife.Hebecameagovernmentofficial.HeisverymuchexposedtotheinfluenceofItalyoftheculture.E.G.Dante但丁,Patriarch,主教Boccaccio-theDecameron薄伽丘著《十日谈》,ChaucerchosethemetricalformwhichlaidthefoundationoftheEnglishtonico-syllabicverse.乔叟第一次在英国用韵脚韵律诗形式来创作诗歌，开创了英国文学以重音-音节为基础的格律诗先河。首创heroiccouplet英雄双行体。Hiscareercanbedividedintoseveralperiods1.French1360-1370translateFrenchpoetry2.Italian1372-13863.EnglishTheCanterburytales4.TheCanterburytalesHegothisstoriesfromvarioussources,Greekauthors,Romanauthors,Italian,French,butthereisnodoubtaboutChaucer'soriginality.Heretellsthestoriesinhisownway.ThestoriesaretoldbyagroupofpeopleontheirwaytoandbackfromCanterbury.Pilgrims朝圣者tellstoriestopassthetime.ThejourneyisusedasakindofdevicetounitethevarioustalesNun修女:Herenthusiasmforgrace,tryingtobecomesomeonethatsheisnot,shecannotpossiblybe.--Pretentiousness,pretending伪装toomuchChaucerhasdifferentattitudetodifferentcharacters第一句：assoonasaprilpiercestotheroot,thedroughtofmarch,andbatheseachbudandshootThesignificanceofhiswriting1)itgivesacomprehensive广泛的pictureofChaucer’stime2)thedramaticstructure3)Chaucer’shumor4)Chaucer’scontributiontotheEnglishlanguage.EversincetheNormanConquesttheFrenchlanguagewasthelanguageatthecourtandtheupperclasses,andLatinwasthelanguageofthelearnedandthechurch.ChaucerusedthenativelanguageEnglishandprovedthattheEnglishlanguageisabeautifullanguage.Heincreasedtheprestige威信oftheEnglishlanguage.5.Popularballads大众民谣Aballadisanarrative叙述poemthattellsastory.Itisaboutparticularincidents,usuallydramatic.Balletstellstories-abouttragic悲剧的incidents.Theyarewritteninaspecialmusicalpattern,balladmeter-fourmeters,couplets（相连并押韵的两行诗）—twolineinaunitorquatrain四行诗__ababcdcdCharacteristics:1)Thebeginningisoftenabrupt突然地.Nointroductionofthecharactersandthebackgroundofthetale2)Therearestrongdramaticelements.Aballaddealswithasingleepisode插曲3)thestoryisoftentoldthroughdialogueandaction4)thethemeisoftentragic悲剧的5)Theballadmeterisused.Itcontainsfour-linestanza节，段在英国把民谣当文学形式研究的第一人是托马斯.帕西主教BishopThomasPercy,他将民谣收录到《英诗辑古》ReliquesofAncientEnglishPoetry中。RobinHoodandAllin-a-Dale罗宾汉和阿林代尔GetUpandBartheDoor.起来去关门SirPatrickSpens派屈克。斯宾塞爵士PartIVTheRenaissance文艺复兴时期1.HistoricalBackground1)ThereignofQueenElizabeth(1558_1603)Englandenjoyedaperiodofpeaceandprosperity2)ThedefeatoftheSpanishArmada舰队bytheEnglishnavyin1588.Afterthebattle,Englandgraduallybecameamightynaval海军的power.3)Humanism人文主义Renaissance:itisaFrenchwordthatmeans“rebirth”复活inEnglish.Inthe15thand16thcentury,scholarsinwesternEuropeancountrieshadakeeninterestintheGreekandLatinculture.ThatistheartandscienceofancientGreeceandRomewerebeingbornagainafterlongyearsofneglect.忽略Humanism:Thewelfare幸福ofhumanbeingisveryimportant.Itemphasestheworthoflif