诗歌第三讲

Expressallkindsoffeelings.Bringyoualotofpleasure.Cultivateyourlanguagetaste.Questionsforresponsivereadingpoetry1.Whoisthespeaker?Isitpossibletodeterminethespeaker’sage,sex,sensibilities,levelofawarenessandvalues?2.Isthespeakeraddressinganyoneinparticular?3.Howdoyourespondtothespeaker?Favorably?Negatively?Whatisthesituation?Arethereanyspecialcircumstancesthatinformwhatthespeakersays?4.Isthereaspecificsettingoftimeandplace?5.Doesreadingthepoemaloudhelpyoutounderstandit?6.Doesaparaphraserevealthebasicpurposeofthepoem?7.Whatdoesthetitleemphasize?8.Isthethemepresenteddirectlyorindirectly?9.Doanyallusionsenrichthepoem’smeaning?10.Howdoesthedictionrevealmeaning?Areanywordsrepeated?Doanycarryevocativeconnotativemeanings?Arethereanypunsorotherformsofverbalwit?11.Arefiguresofspeechused?Howdoesthefigurativelanguagecontributetothepoem’svividnessandmeaning?12.Doanyobjects,persons,places,events,oractionshaveallegoricalorsymbolicmeanings?Whatotherdetailsinthepoemsupportyourinterpretations?13.Isironyused?Arethereanyexamplesofsituationalirony,verbalirony,ordramaticirony?Isunderstatementorparadoxused?14.Doesthepoemuseonomatopoeia,assonance,consonanceoralliteration?Howdothesesoundsaffectyou?15.Whatsoundsarerepeated?Iftherearerhymes,whatistheireffect?Istherearhymescheme?Dotherhymescontributetothepoem’smeaning?16.Didyouenjoythepoem?What,specifically,pleasedordispleasedyouaboutwhatwasexpressedandhowitwasexpressed?17.Howmighthistoricalinformationaboutthepoemprovideausefulcontextforinterpretation?18.Towhatextentdoyourownexperiences,values,beliefs,andassumptionsinformyourinterpretation?1.Informationaboutthepoem:ThetitleofthepoemThenameofthepoetTheperiodinwhichthepoemwaswrittenThethemeofthepoem2.ThewaythepoemisstructuredStructurefeaturesReverserhymeMetricalpatternYoucanselectanyfeaturethatyouwanttodiscuss.1.LayoutArethelinesgroupedintostanzasofequal/uneaquallengths?2.Numberoflines.3.LengthoflinesCountthesyllables;arelinesofregularsyllabiclength?4.RegularmetreWhichsyllablescarrystress?Arethereanequalnumberofunstressedsyllablesbetweenthestressedones?Howmayfeetarethereinaline?Commentonthetypeoffootandthenumberoffeetperlineorthereisnoregularmetricalpattern.5.Endrhyme6.OtherformsofsoundpatterningAssonance,consonance,alliteration,pararhyme,reverserhymeandsoon.Commentontheeffectoftheseforms.Youshouldalsocheckforliteralandfigurativeusesoflanguage.Elementsofpoetry1.Meterandrhyme(格律和节奏)2.Stanzaandrhyme(诗节和韵律)3.Speakerandtone(说话人和语调)4.Figurativelanguage(修辞语言)5.Imageandsymbol(意象和象征)ThemesofpoetryⅠ.FriendshipWhen,inDisgracewithFortuneandMen’sEyes---WilliamShakespeareWhen,indisgracewithfortuneandmen’seyes,Iallalonebeweepmyoutcaststate,Andtroubledeafheavenwithmybootlesscries,Andlookuponmyself,andcursemyfate,Wishingmeliketoonemorerichinhope,Featuredlikehim,likehimwithfriendspossessed,Desiringhisman’sartandthatman’sscope,WithwhatImostenjoycontentedleast;yetinthesethoughtsmyselfalmostdespising,HaplyIthinkonthee---andthenmystate,LiketothelarkatbreakofdayarisingFromsullenearth,singshymnsatheaven’sgate;Forthysweetloverememb’redsuchwealthbringsThatthenIscorntochangemystatewithkings.Questions1.Whatdoestheword“trouble”inLine3suggest?2.Thereisacleardivisioninthispoem.Wheredoesitoccur?Isitachangeofthoughtorfeelingorboth?3.Thepoem’stwomoodsarejoinedbytheimageofalarkarisingandsinging.Whatisthesignificanceofthisimage?4.Theword“state”appearsthreetimesinthepoem.Dotheyhavethesamemeaning?TheNarrowandtheSong----HenryWadsworthLongfellowIshotanarrowintotheair,Itfelltoearth,Iknewnotwhere;For,soswiftlyitflew,thesightCouldnotfollowitininitsflight.Ibreathedasongintotheair,Itfelltoearth,Iknewnotwhere;Forwhohassighttokeenandstrong,Thatitcanfollowtheflightofsong?Long,longafterwards,inanoakIfoundthearrow,stillunbroke;Andthesong,frombeginningtoend,Ifoundagainintheheartofafriend.Questions1.Whatconnotationsdoesthearrowhaveinthepoem?2.Whatconnectionsdoesthesecondstanzahavewiththefirststanza?3.Whatkindoffriendshipdoesthepoetdepictinthepoem?4.Haveyousharedthesamelifeexperiencewiththepoet?Explainit.Break,Break,Break---AlfredTennysonBreak,break,break,Onthycoldgraystones,OSea!AndIwouldthatmytonguecouldutterThethoughtsthatariseinme.Owellforthefisherman’sboy,Thatheshoutswithhissisteratplay!Owellforthesailorlad,Thathesingsinhisboatonthebay!AndthestatelyshipsgoonTotheirheavenunderthehill;ButOforthetouchofavanishedhand,Andthesoundofavoicethatisstill!Break,break,break,Atthefootofthycrags,OSea!ButthetendergraceofadaythatisdeadWillnevercomebacktome.Questions1.Whatisthekeynoteofthislyric?2.Howisthedeviceofcontrastusedinthissadlyric?3.Howdoestherhythmhelpintensifythethemeofthepoem?4.Isthetitleagoodone?Why?InMemoryofEvaGore-BoothandConMarkiewicz---WilliamButlerYeatsIThelightofevening,Lissadell,Greatwindowsopentothesouth,Twogirlsinsilkkimonos,bothBeautiful,oneagazelle.ButaravingautumnshearsBlossomfromthesummer’swreath;Theolderiscondemnedtodeath,Pardoned,dragsoutlonelyyearsConspiringamongtheignorant.Inknownotwhattheyoungerdreams---SomevagueUtopia---andsheseems,Whenwitheredoldandskeleton-gaunt,Anim