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翰林教育1音标课讲义国际音标简介•广义:国际音标InternationalPhoneticAlphabet,原义是“国际语音字母”,简称IPA,由国际语音协会制定•狭义:英语国际音标(DJ音标,由英国语音学家DanielJones创立)。由于它用来标注英语的发音,一般都把它叫做英语国际音标,后来在国内干脆简称国际音标。学习音标的作用•打好音标基础是学好英语的基本条件•提高听说能力,培养良好的语感•有助于依靠读音记单词•“见其形读其音,听其音写其形”学习音标的要求•重视英语听说能力•结合单词识记音标•大胆开口练习,不要害怕犯错•不放过任何机会,用心体会标准的发音音标一览表翰林教育226个英语字母的发音语音知识•1)字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u•2)音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素.•3)元音:发音响亮,口腔中气流不受阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20个元音。•4)辅音:发音不响亮,口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28个辅音。•5)音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple,stu'dent,tea'cher,un'der'stand。•6)开音节:•a)辅音+元音+辅音+e如:name,bike,home,house等•b)辅音+元音如:he,go,hi7)闭音节:•a)辅音+元音+辅音如:bad,bed,sit,hot,cup•b)元音+辅音如:it•8)重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。音标分类•英语国际音标共有48个•元音(20个)•长元音/ɑ://ɔ://ɜ://i://U:/•短元音/ʌ//ɒ//ə//ɪ//ʊ//e//æ/•双元音/eɪ//aɪ//ɔɪ//ɪə//eə//ʊə//əʊ//aʊ/•辅音(28个)•轻辅音/p//t//k//f//θ//s//ʃ//h//ts//tʃ//tr/•浊辅音/b//d//g//v//ð//z//ʒ//r//dz//dʒ//dr/翰林教育3•鼻音/m//n//ŋ/•半元音/j//w/•边音/ǀ/长元音[i:]•发音部位:舌尖轻抵下齿龈,舌前部抬高,但不抵上齿龈;•发音方法:嘴角向后缩,使双唇呈扁平状;气流从口腔中流出,振动声带,发出此音。•me•sheep•teach•people•receive[i:]常见的字母组合•ee:threetreegreensheepmeetbeefseeseek•ea:eatteameatleaveleadteacherteammeanspeakcleanplease•e:heshemewebe•ieei(eoeyi):peoplepiecereceiveceiling•绕口令:A:Teaorcoffee?B:TeaforLeeandcoffeeforme,please.长元音[ε:]•发音部位:舌端离开下齿,舌身平展,舌中部稍微抬起•发音方法:双唇扁平,向左右略微拉开,成微笑状•气流从口腔中冲出微振声带,发出此音。•her•bird•nurse•learn•work[ε:]常见的字母组合•ir:girlshirtskirtthirtythirteenthirdbird•ur:turnburnnurseThursdayburger•ear:learnearnearthheard•er:termherserve•or:workwormworkworld•绕口令:Theearlybirdcatchesthewormfirst.长元音[a:]•发音部位:舌端离开下齿,舌身平放后缩,舌位较低;•发音方法:口张大,气流从口腔中流出,振动声带,发出此音•glass•car翰林教育4•laugh•heart•arm[a:]常见的字母组合•a:grassglassclassplantdancefastfatlasthalf•ar:carstararmparkMarchhardgardendark•au:laughaunt•ear:heart•绕口令:It’sfartothefarmfromthepark.长元音[ɔ:]•发音部位:舌尖离开下齿,舌后抬高,上下唇略为张大,唇形较圆,并用力向前突出•发音方法:气流从口腔中冲出,振动声带,发出此音。•small•more•autumn•four•warm•door[ɔ:]常见的字母组合•a:water•aw:drawstrawberry•al:ballwallcallsmall•or:horsemorningcornforkorshort•oor:floordoor•au:autumn•ar:warm•our:fourbought•绕口令:Mydaughterisforty-four.长元音[u:]•发音部位:舌端离开下齿,舌后部向软腭抬高,舌位较高;双唇尽量收缩成圆而小,并稍向前突出;•发音方法:气流从口腔中冲出,振动声带,发出此音。•food•do•true•fruit•soup•shoe[u:]常见的字母组合翰林教育5•o:dowhowhoseto•oo:foodmoontoosoonroom•ui:fruitjuice•u:rulerbluefull•ou:soup•oe:shoe•绕口令:Howdoyoudo?Youlookedreallycool.Task•Reviewandpreview•Rewritetheformof26letters•Readthewordsandsentencesaloud练一练:写出下列划线部分字母的发音,并找出发音不同的单词。•ABCD•()1.hefeetbreadgreen•()2.livefishteacherwe•()3.tallfirstworkshirt•()4.treeseecleanSunday•()5.fatherdoctorskirtchina•()6.moonfoodeatfruit•()7.truebookwoodlook•()8.foursmallwalkbird•()9.busfootgoodbook•()10.cararmfoodgarden【i】•舌尖轻抵下齿齿龈,舌前部向硬腭抬起;嘴角向后缩使双唇略扁•极为短促的气流从口腔中冲出,微振声带,发出此音。•in•ticket•busy•happy•money【i】常见的字母组合•i:isEnglishpigfishfifteensixship•e:behindjacketbasketball•y:happyheavybusysunnystudytwentywindyrainy•ey:monkeymoney•u:busy•绕口令:Hislittlesisterissittinginthemiddle.[i:]和[i]•1.it--eat2.seat—sit3.tree—trip4.sheep—ship•区分下列单词:•needsisterrichweakagreebigswimkeep翰林教育6misstreefishpeople[e]•舌端靠近下齿,舌前部稍稍抬起;•双唇扁平,上下齿的距离相当于一个中指宽度;•极为短促的气流从口腔中冲出,振动声带,发出此音。•get•bread•again•egg[e]常见的字母组合•e:eggdesklegredpettenpen•ea:breadheadbreakfast•ai:againsaid•绕口令:Good,better,best.Neverletitrest.【æ】•舌端靠近下齿,双唇尽量向两边平伸,使嘴角肌肉感到紧张;•极为短促的气流从口腔中冲出,振动声带发出此音。•that•map•catch•black•apple【æ】常见的字母组合•a:dadhatcapbagcatcanbadapplebaghandblackhasstandmap[æ]和[e]•1.pat—pet2.sat—set3.sad—said4.bad—bed5.dad—dead•区分下列单词:•wetbagactbedneverten•breadmanythanksevenhead【ʌ】•舌中部向上鄂抬起,舌端离开下齿,舌身自然平展;唇形放松、扁平•极为短促的气流从口腔中冲出,振动声带,发出此音•much•cup•some•money•touch翰林教育7【ʌ】常见的字母组合•o:soncomecolourlovemoney•u:sunnutjumpusbusbrushsupperduck•ou:touchcousincountry•绕口令:Cometothefrontonthedouble./ɒ/•舌端离开下齿,舌身尽量降低并后缩;双唇自然成圆形,嘴角有紧绷的感觉,保持口形不变;•一股极为短促的气流从口腔中冲出,振动声带,发出此音•dog•hot•doctor•what•watch•wash[ɒ]常见的字母组合•o:foxcoffeedogshophotdoctorlongsorry•a:watchwhatwash•绕口令:Thelittlepotissohot.[ʊ]•舌端离开下齿,舌后部向软腭抬起;双唇圆而小,稍向前突出;•极为短促的气流从口腔中冲出,振动声带,发出此音。•good•foot•woman•put•full•could[ʊ]常见的字母组合•o:womanwolf•oo:lookgoodbookfootwoodclassroom•u:putfullbullet•ou:couldshouldwould•绕口令:Lookatthecookbook.It’sreallygood.[ə]•舌端离开下齿,舌身平展而放松,舌中部向上颚抬起;•双唇略扁,使嘴微张,舌尖靠近下齿龈,但不贴紧;•气流从口腔中冲出,微振声带,发出此音。•motherwinter•sugardoctor翰林教育8•chinaopen/ə/常见的字母组合•er:teachercleverbrotherdinnerfathersisterruler•ar:sugaror:doctor•a:pandaaboutabovecamerasofaChina•e:openure:picture•绕口令:Thefarmer’sbrotherisadoctor.[p]-[b]•【p】是清辅音•舌身自然平放在口腔中,双唇紧闭,呈不说话状态,在口腔内形成一股气流;气流由双唇迸出,不振动声带,发出此音。•/p/:penmaphelpcheappencilpaperapplehappy•【b】是浊辅音•舌身自然平放在口腔中,双唇紧闭,呈不说话状态,在口腔内形成一股气流;气流由双唇迸出,振动声带,发出此音。•/b/:bagbyboybluerabbitcabbage[t]-[d]•【t】是清辅音•舌尖轻抵上齿龈,嘴微张;舌与硬腭之间聚集一股气流;气流由舌尖和上齿龈之间冲出,同时,舌尖迅速离开上齿龈,不振动声带。•/t/:tentimenottablelittlepretty•【d】是浊辅音•舌尖轻抵上齿龈,嘴微张;舌与硬腭之间聚集一股气流;气流由舌尖和上齿龈之间冲出,同时,舌尖迅速离开上齿龈,振动声带。•/d/:deskdoordaydogdaddymiddle[k]-[g]•【k】是清辅音•舌后部抬高并使其紧贴软腭,嘴微张;舌后部与软腭之间聚集一股气流;气流由舌后部和软腭之间冲出,同时,舌后部与软腭迅速分离,不振动声带,发出此音。•/k/:catcomeclockpicturebookbikecakekitelook•【g】是浊辅音•舌后部抬高并使其紧贴软腭,嘴微张;舌后部与软腭之间的气流由舌后部和软腭之间冲出,同翰林教育9时,舌后部与软腭迅速分离,振动声带,发出此音。•/g/:girlbigeggguessgreatgladgameagainglassdogTask•Reviewandpreview•Finishyourhomework•Readthewordsandsentencesaloud作业校对:用音标给2
本文标题:国际音标讲义(全)
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