虚拟语气的用法一览表-阅吧--

语法可能太简单，太枯燥。anyway,我把它帖到这个地方，希望对不太了解的同学有所帮助！！！谢谢关注本帖！！！虚拟语气是一项语法难点，为了让学员们便于理解与记忆，我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论：1．名词从句中的虚拟语气标志词+should+动词原形2．条件从句中的虚拟语气①三种基本态②倒装虚拟句③混时虚拟句④含蓄虚拟句⑤跳层虚拟句3．其它情形中的虚拟语气（wish/wouldrather/it’shightime…/ifonly…/lest）一．三种基本形态（1）表虚拟的时间if从句谓语形式主句谓语形式现在：did/werewould(should,might,could)+do过去：haddone/hadbeenwould(should/might/could)+havedone(been)将来：wereto/should+dowould(should,might,could)+do三种基本形态（2）（这是基础，建议牢记下面的例句，争取能脱口而出）与现在事实相反：ifihadenoughmoney,iwouldbuyabook.与过去事实相反：ifihadhadenoughmoney,iwouldhaveboughtabook.与将来事实相反：ifiweretohaveenoughmoney,iwouldbuyabook.ifishouldhaveenoughmoney,iwouldbuyabook.二、倒装虚拟句（只能与过去/将来事实相反，省去if，有三种倒装形式）hadihadenoughmoney,iwouldhaveboughtabook.wereitohaveenoughmoney,iwouldbuyabook.shouldihaveenoughmoney,iwouldbuyabook.三、混合时间虚拟语气（主要是抓住时间状语）(对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟)ifihadstudiedenglishatschool,icouldreadtheenglishnovelnow.(对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟)ifshewerenotsocareless,shewouldn’thavemadesuchamistake.四、含蓄虚拟句whatwouldihavedonewithoutyou?butfortheirhelp,iwouldnothavefinishedthetask.butthatthedoctorarrivedontimethatday,theywouldhavebeendead.givenmoretime,iwouldhavebeenabletofinishthetest.五、跳层虚拟句（即句子一半为虚拟，另一半为陈述语气；but前句用虚拟而or/otherwise后句用虚拟）(but)hewouldputonweight,buthedoesn’’’’’’’’teatmuch.(与现在事实相反)hewouldhaveputonweight,buthedidn’’’’’’’’teatmuch.(与过去事实相反)(or,orelse,otherwise)iforgetwhereireadthearticle,oriwouldshowittoyounow.现在事实相反)marycouldn’’’’’’’’thavereceivedmyletter,otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.(与过去事实相反)六、名词从句虚拟语气(1)ask,advise,beg,command,demand,decide,desire,insist,order,prefer,propose,require,recommend,request,suggest,urge等表示命令、要求、建议等含义的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用(should)+动词原形,eg.isuggest/suggestedthatwe(should)gotomorrow.名词从句虚拟语气(2)itis+(形容词/过去分词/特定名词)+that的从句中，形容词主要是表示令人吃惊的、重要的、必要的、关键的等词汇。形容词：astonishing,amazing,advisable,appropriate,crucial,desirable,essential,important,imperative,keen,necessary,natural,normal,odd,proper,preferable,strange,sorry,shocked,surprising,urgent,unusual,vital等。名词从句虚拟语气(3)过去分词：decided,desired,demanded,ordered,requested,recommended,suggested等;名词：advice,decision,desire,demand,suggestion,motion,pray,resolution,wish,preference,proposal,recommendation,requirement,idea,order等七、其它虚拟语气wish…iwishiknewtheanswer.(与现在事实相反)iwishihadknowntheanswer.(与过去事实相反)iwishyouwouldshutup.(与将来事实相反)ifonly…ifonlyiweretaller.(与现在事实相反)/ifonlyhehadfollowedyouradvice!(与过去事实相反)/ifonlytherainwouldstop.(与将来事实相反)itis(high/about)time…itistimeyouthoughtaboutyourfuture.wouldrather…iwouldratheryoudidn’tspeakrudelytoher.(与现在事实相反)i’dratheryouhadn’tspokenrudelytoher.(与过去事实相反)lest…,incase…,forfearthat…（引导的是目的状语从句，但可归入第六点(名词从句虚拟)，这是因它们答案特征相同，即(should)+动词原形。eg.hetookhisumbrellalestitshouldrain.大学英语虚拟语气考题总结:答案的特征1.(should)+动词原形(一般式/被动式/否定式)记住信号词（名词，动词，形容词，分词等）以及lest.2.一般过去时：wish/ifonly…/wouldrather/it’stime(high/about)that….3.基本形式（主要考与过去和将来相反的虚拟语气）,特别注意时间状语(混合时间虚拟)4.倒装的两个时间：与过去，与将来相反；三个形式(had/were/should)提前大写，if省去；5.but/or/orelse/otherwise(跳层虚拟语气)