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when,while,as,before,after,until的用法•在时间状语从句(AdverbialClauseOfTime)中所表示的动作与主句所标示的的动作关系的补充说明:a)同时性(Sametime)A:两个同时发生的事件,不是一次性和重复性,即过去或现在的习惯动作,连词用when,whenevereg:Whenhegoestotown,he(always)visitshisaunt.一般现在时She(always)feltillwhensheateoyster.(牡蛎)一般过去时当when意为“每当……的时候”,相当于whenevereg:Wheneverhegoestotown,hevisitshisaunt.‖Whenhegoestotown,hevisitshisaunt.同样,when/whenever上述用法可以用if交替使用,表“每次,每当……”(关于这种if-分局的条件句详见34讲)B.两个同时发生的事件,如果都有延续性,而且延续时间大致相等,连词用when,while。注:连词连接的两个分句中的动词,一定要为表示延续性动作的动词。eg:Thewindblewhardwhentherainpoureddown.WhileIread,shesang.when,while前后分句都用一般过去时,有时也可前后都用过去进行体。比较:Iwascookingthedinnerwhilehewasplayingthepiano=Icookthedinnerwhileheplayedthepiano两句句意基本相同,只不过用过去进行体更加强调事件的持续性。在一种特殊情况下,若要强调两个事件的延续的时间正好相等,可用aslongaseg:Heworkedaslongasweplayed.他工作时我们在玩C.两个同时发生的事件,如果都无延续性,连词用when,assoonas,justas(正当……的时候),theinstant(一……就),directly(一……就),immediately等。eg:Thedogbarkedwhenitheardanoise.Sheinformedherhusbandassoonasshearrivedhome.TheinstantIsawhim,Iknewhewasmylostbrother.Sheknewhewasn’tanEnglishmanthemomenthebegantospeakEnglish.I’lltellyoudirectlyhecomes也可以用hardly/scarcely……when和nosooner……than等关联词表“一……就”。此句式一般为:过去完成时(pastperfect)+hardly/scarcely……+when+一般过去时(simplepasttense)以及过去完成时+nosooner……+than+一般过去时eg:Ihadhardlyleftwhenthequarrelstarted.Thedoctorhadscarcelygointobedwhenhewascalledoutagain.Wehadnosoonersatdownthanwefounditwastimetogo.以上三句均可用倒装词序表示如果甲事件发生在乙事件过程中,而乙事件有延续性,甲事件无延续性或只是有短暂延续,那么,乙事件的动词可以用进行体或者是非进行体,甲事件的动词用非进行体,连词用while,when,as。有时when可以引导无限延续性事件分句,只不过不为时间状语分句而相当于并列分句。eg:Thewaiterspiltsoupovermewhenhewasserving/servedme.IreadanewspaperwhileIwaswaiting/waited.eg:IwascookingthedinnerwhenIbrokeaglass=Iwascookingthedinner,andatthattimeIbrokeaglassb)先时性(EarlierTime)和后时性(LaterTime)两个连续发生事件在时间顺序上有先后之分,常用连词(或介词)有before,after,till/until,when,since由before和after表示甲事件先与乙事件或者后于乙事件的用法,通常可用when表示。eg:Beforeheeats,hewasheshishands.→Whenhehaswashedhishands,heeats.Afterhepainedthewindows,hepainedthedoors.→Whenhehadpainedthewindows,hepainedthedoors.(这里when-分句中用完成时态来表示动作发生先后关系。)由于before/after的词汇意义关系,主句和分句也可以都用一般过去时。eg:Ireachedthestationafterthetrainleft.=Ireachedthestationafterthetrainhadleft.ThetrainleftbeforeIreachedthestation.=ThetrainhadleftbeforeIreachedthestation.当When=after时,它所引导的时间状语从句分句也用一般过去时代替过去完成体。eg:Whentheteacher(had)lefttheroom,thechildrenstartedtalking.
本文标题:when-while-as-before-after-until的用法
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